Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) frequently occur in society and may occur at home. The ultimate prognosis of an avulsed tooth occurring in a child may depend on the parents' knowledge of appropriate emergency measures. Therefore this study aimed at evaluating the knowledge level of a sample of Egyptian parents in the management of a case of tooth avulsion in a child. A total of 985 parents attending a Pediatric Dental Clinic formed the sample of the study. A questionnaire comprising 13 questions in simple Arabic language was used. The parents were categorized into two groups according to their education level. The tabulated data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test. Markedly low knowledge levels were noted in both groups. This was evidenced in replanting the avulsed primary teeth, brushing and using antiseptics to clean the roots, holding the root instead of the crown, dry storage of the avulsed permanent teeth, and neglect over time from most of the parents. However, 24.3% of group 1 and 15.6% of group 2 chose milk as a transport medium. Therefore, educational programs would be necessary to improve awareness of the immediate management of avulsed teeth.

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Background : Evaluating the remineralization potential on artificial enamel caries of three different dentifrices containing , Casein Phospho peptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) , Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF), and Sodium Fluoride (NaF), in comparison to Artificial Saliva ( ASS). Methods : A standrardized demineralization protocol was used on sound extracted human premolars ( n=80) in order to create artificial carious – like lesions. Premolars were sectioned longitudinally . According to the type of treatment group , the teeth were randomly allocated into four equally sized groups (n=20) . Group A , was treated with Casein Phospho Peptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) ; Group B , was treated with Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) ; and Group C , was treated with Sodium Fluoride (NaF) ; group D , was treated with Artificial Saliva ( ASS ) , as control group . The specimens were then subjected to standardized pH cycling regime for 21 days. The( Diagnodent laser ) test was utilized to record the mineral profile in all groups ;the ( Spectrophotometer) test was used to evaluate the aesthetic effect of remineralizing agents , as well .the assessment was done in three stages ; (Baseline stage), (Lesion –creation stage) , and( after –remineralization stage) finally .The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA) and Turkey’s post –hoc multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p<0.05. Results Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF): Group B significantly increased the mineral profile and aesthetic appearance after artificial carious- like creation stage . As well as, Group B : Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) reported the highest percentage change in mineral profile values and aesthetic appearance followed closely by Group A :Casein Phospho Peptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) , and Group C: Sodium Fluoride (NaF) ; respectively the most predominant failure was in control group . Conclusion Within this in-vitro study ; Nano Silver Fluoride( NSF) , and Casein Phospho Peptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate( CPP-ACP )containing dentifrice were effective in remineralizing lesions of enamel , as well as improving the aesthetic appearance . However, Sodium Fluoride (NaF) demonstrated less remineralization potential in comparison to dentifrices containing Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) , and Casein Phospho Peptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP).