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Background and aims: Enhancing remineralization is the main goal of clinical prevention of caries lesion. The present in vitro study aimed to assess the remineralizing effect of grape seed extract (GSE) versus sodium fluoride on demineralized primary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was carried out on 56 human sound primary anterior teeth (incisors and canines). Teeth fragments were divided into two groups according to the following treatments: GSE (Grape seed extract) represented the case group; NaF (Sodium fluoride 1000 ppm) represented the control group. Teeth were subjected to six daily pH cycles for eight days. Within the daily cycling, the specimens were kept in buffered solution at 37°C. The samples were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and a micro-hardness tester. Results: Data were analyzed. using Student's t-test (p <0.001). The mean surface microhardness for GSE group was 40 (VHN) and for NaF group was 59.2 (VHN). Grape seed extract showed statistically significantly lower mean micro-hardness than Sodium Fluoride. Regarding enamel remineralization, the SEM data of the GSE treated group had revealed deposits of spherical insoluble complexes precipitation on the remineralized surface. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained in this in vitro study, it is suggested that grape seed extract promote remineralization of artificial dentin carious lesions in but in a lower scale when compared to sodium fluoride. GSE enhanced the remineralization process of artificial enamel lesions of primary teeth, and thus, might be considered an effective natural agent in treatment of early enamel carious lesions.

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