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This paper describes an analytical approach based on Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detectors for a simultaneous determination of 18 organic UV lters from water samples. Extraction method parameters were optimized: 250 ml of water sample loaded on Chromo-Bond C18 cartridges after adjustment to pH 4 and then eluted with acetonitrile. The mobile phase, the parameters of the mass spectrometer, as well as those of the ionization source were tested to enhance detection sensitivity. During method validation, the extracted target compounds showed good recoveries (> 68%) with acceptable values in terms of repeatability (CV r ) and reproducibility (CV R ), that were lower than 20%. The validated method was applied to different real water samples collected from different swimming pools located in Lebanon where nine UV lters among the eighteen targets compounds were detected at concentrations up to 1500 µg/L in some samples. Padimate-O and Octocrylene were detected frequently.This study represents the rst available data on the occurrence of UV lter residues in swimming pool in Lebanon opening hence future perspectives to evaluate their degradation by-products and their toxicity on human health and marine ecosystem.

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a salient metabolite that can be used to assess Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in humans and animals. The carcinogenic potency of AFB1 and AFM1 was severely reported. The aims of this study were (1) to survey the contamination level of AFM1 in the most traded infant powdered formula brands (IPF) (n = 42) along with the AFB1 level in under 5’s children food brands (biscuits, cornflakes, and cereals) (n = 42) and (2) to assess the estimated daily intake (EDI), the hazard quotient (HQ) and the margin of exposure (MOE) of AFM1 among infants (0–12 months) in Lebanon. All of the samples were analyzed using ELISA technique. AFB1 was below detection limit in all of the children’s food brands samples. Out of 42 IPF samples 9.5% were AFM1-positive in the range of 29.54–140.16 ng/L and exceeded the maximum tolerable limit (MTL) set by the European commission (25 ng/kg). The overall average contamination level was 5.72 ± 0.014 ng/L. The EDI of AMF1 for male was in the range of 0.37–0.78 ng/kg/b.w./day and 0.40–0.87 ng/kg/b.w./day for females. Similarly, the HQ calculation resulted in an average of 3.05 for males and 3.28 for females. MOE calculations were far lower from 10,000 in both genders which indicates a high risk of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Despite that, AFM1′s EDI and HQ scored low among Lebanese infants but unambiguously the risk characterization still substantial. As infants consume more IPF relative to their body weight, the persistence of IPF with high AFM1 levels threatens their health. Thus, infant’s exposure risk to AFM1 in IPF should be a continuous focus of attention.

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