One of the newest and most effective strategies to empower staff is building the infrastructure and platform for strengthening organizational learning. This study has conducted about the relationship between organizational learning and staff empowerment. This correlational study was conducted among the staff of a Children's Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2012. Numbers of 145 staff in this hospital has selected and enrolled by simple random sampling. The data collection tools were tow questionnaires for organizational learning and staff empowerment which approved their validities and reliabilities. Finally, collected data were analyzed by Spearman correlation test. Among the dimensions of organizational learning, knowledge transfer and integration with 3.47 and system perspective with 3.16 obtained highest and lowest scores respectively. Generally, overall rating of organizational learning and the staff empowerment variables were determined 3.25±0.71 and 3.74±0.59 respectively. Between the four dimensions of organizational learning (managerial commitment, system perspective, openness and experimentation, knowledge transfer and integration) and staff empowerment, was observed a significant correlation. According to the findings, the current situation of organizational learning and staff empowerment in studied hospital is relatively acceptable. It recommended that hospital systems can improve staff empowerment by developing organizational learning environment, creating experience and knowledge exchange platforms, using material incentives and specially focusing on the intrinsic motivation.

Background: Increasing expenditures in health sector and scarcity of resources are the main bases to investigate productivity and efficiency; such studies are effective in better management of resources and reduction of expenditures and their results can be used as an instrument for policy-making. Objectives: The current study aimed at analyzing the productivity of hospitals affiliated to

Background: To achieve evidence-based policymaking to improve access to dental services and reduce inequality in the utilization of these services, the identification of effective factors on the use of dental services is essential. Objectives: Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the most important socioeconomic factors affecting the demand and utilization of dental services among households in Khorramabad, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 500 households in Khorramabad city in 2017. The participants were selected using a randomized stratified sampling method. Logistic regression was used to determine the most important factors affecting the utilization of dental services and linear regression to examine income elasticity. To measure inequality among income groups, the concentration index was employed. Data analysis was performed using STATA-14 software and the inequality measurement was carried out using DASP-2.3 in STATA software. Results: The mean number of visits by the respondents was 2.78 ± 1.8. Income elasticity and concentration index for these services were estimated to be 0.31 and 0.207, respectively. Increasing household income, advancing age, higher education level of the head of the household, and having complementary insurance coverage (OR = 1.72) had positive relationships with the increased utilization of dental services. Also, a female head of the household (OR = 0.39) and increased household size (OR = 0.9) led to a reduction in the utilization of these services. Conclusions: Inequality is observed in the use of dental services between different socioeconomic groups. Therefore, health policymakers should implement interventions such as dental health insurance to reduce this inequality in such a way that inequalities between socioeconomic groups are reduced.

Background: Progress towards universal coverage requires adequate capital in health sector. Investing and optimal allocation of resources in this sector will contribute to the development and reduction of poverty in countries in order to achieve the goals of health system. Therefore, the more people contribute to risk sharing, we have lower financial risks in facing the issue. The single payer system as a public health coverage model seeks to expand the insurance coverage scope at community level. The present study aimed to identify the main elements of S-PS to conduct a comparative study. Methods: A comparative study was conducted to describe the fundamental of financing and the provision of services in selected countries - Germany, Thailand, Turkey, and Colombia, as well as to achieve the main elements of S-PS. In addition, the health system of Iran has been studied. The basis for selection of countries was health system Garden typology. The main criteria for selection or rejection of studies were the separation of health services provider from financial functions; has allowed a single department to purchasing process. Results: single payer system in two functions of health system, namely, financing and providing health care; consolidation resources (reducing fragmentation by creating a single pooled fund and achieve massive purchase of health care through the insurance agent as single purchaser) and ensuring community health (delivery of services by the network of providers represented by Health Promotion Organization) represents 12 main organizational elements. Conclusion: the multiple insurers and payers of health care in Iran are both inequity and ineffective. And its integration is not a simple task. Iranian financing policies should aimed to achieving universal health coverage by creating greater risk pooling and becoming aware of the important tasks of insurance system; take advantage of the strength in numbers, setting the principles of cross-subsidy and preventing adverse reaction. It is important not to put together a long-term, coherent plan to reach the S-PS.

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