Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of abnormal blood vessels supplying the tumor. It has been reported that tumor hypoxia can: activate angiogenesis, thereby enhancing invasiveness and risk of metastasis; increase survival of tumor, as well as suppress anti-tumor immunity and hamper the therapeutic response. Hypoxia mediates these effects by several potential mechanisms: altering gene expression, the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of suppressor genes, reducing genomic stability and clonal selection. We have reviewed the effects of hypoxia on tumor biology and the possible strategiesto manage the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the potential use of cancer stem cells in tumor treatment.

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Introduction: Hypertension is the most important risk factor for death and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Blood was referred to the clinic of Shariati Hospital in Isfahan in 2017-2018. Methods: The present study was a clinical trial with a pretest- post test design with a control group. 90 patients with hypertension referred to the internal clinic of Shariati Hospital were randomly divided into two groups of 45 people (control and intervention). For the intervention group, training based on health belief model and the control group performed routine training.Data collection tools included a health belief model questionnaire, a pamphlet and an educational booklet that was presented to each member of the individual education intervention group in two sessions two months apart. In the second visit, blood pressure of all patients was taken by the student and questionnaires were completed by the patients after the intervention. Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of the main indicators of sensitivity, severity, benefits and barriers in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention (p-v <0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the health model is effective in controlling blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Keywords: education, hypertension and health belief pattern