Abstract

Purpose: Methodological paper aiming to describe the development of a digital and self-reported food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), created to the 1982 and 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohorts. Methods: The instrument was created based on FFQs previously applied to subjects belonging to both cohorts in the 2004 and 2008 follow-ups. The FFQ was developed including 88 foods and/or meals where frequencies were clustered from a minimum of never or once/month to a maximum of greater than or equal to 5 times/day. The closed options related to portions were based on a 24-hour recall previously asked to a subsample from the 1993 cohort. Three options for portions were created: equal to, less than or greater than. Equal to portion was described based on the 50 percentile of each food consumed reported in a 24-hour recall. Photographs of portions related to the 50 percentile for each food were also included in the software. Results: This digital FFQ included food and meals based on the needs of current researches. The layout of the software was attractive to the staff members as well as to the cohort members. The responding time was 12 minutes and the software allowed several individuals to use it at the same time. Moreover, this instrument dismissed interviewers and double data entry. Conclusion: It is recommended the use of the same strategy in other studies, adapted to different contexts and situations.

Dietary patterns in childhood may continue until adolescence, although such patterns may be changed or discontinued throughout adolescence.

The objective of this study was to describe and compare the tricipital (TSF) and subscapular skinfold (SSF) thickness according to demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and biological TSF and SSF were 20.2% and 17.3%, respectively, in boys and 14.2% and 10.5% IntroduçãoO sobrepeso e a obesidade consistem, atualmente, em um importante problema de saúde pública. O acúmulo excessivo de gordura está associado ao aumento no risco de desenvolvimento de diversas morbidades 1 , gerando altos custos sociais e econômicos. Indivíduos acima do peso, especialmente quando apresentam excesso de gordura na região do tronco, estão mais propensos a apresentarem um conjunto de anormalidades, agrupadas sob o rótulo de sín-drome metabólica 2 .No Brasil, a prevalência de excesso de peso entre adolescentes do sexo feminino aumentou de 7,5% em 1974-1975 para 13,8% em 1989 e 15,4% em 2002-2003 3 . Entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino o aumento foi de 3,9% para 8,3% e finalmente para 18% no mesmo perío-do 3 . O excesso de gordura adquirido durante a adolescência tende a persistir na idade adulta, e está associado a diversos fatores de risco para doenças crônicas, tais como: hipertensão, dislipidemia e resistência insulínica 4 .Diversos métodos de determinação da obesidade estão apresentados na literatura 5 . Estudos utilizando medidas antropométricas como, por exemplo, pregas cutâneas, são úteis para avaliar o estado nutricional e detectar distúrbios relacionados à composição corporal, tais como desnutrição e obesidade 6 .ARTIGO ARTICLE

This is a population-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the frequency of consumption of dairy products by adults and the elderly in Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in accordance with demographic, social and economic characteristics. Frequency of dairy product consumption was obtained by means of a questionnaire containing short, straightforward questions. Information about the type of milk (cow's milk, soy, other) and the fat contained in the milk consumed (full-cream, semi-skimmed and skimmed) was also investigated. Heterogeneity, linear trend and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis. The prevalence of regular dairy product consumption was 45.9%, and was 1.7 times higher among the elderly compared with 20 to 29-year-olds. Dairy product consumption frequency was higher among women, Caucasians and those with tertiary education. The economic level was significantly and inversely associated with the outcome. Nearly 98% of the sample drink cow's milk and 75.5% drink full-fat milk. About 26% of the adults do not drink milk and of these less than 20% consume dairy products daily. Dairy product consumption, especially low-fat products, should be encouraged among adults. Special attention should be given to younger individuals, males, and groups with less education and income.