Shang and Croson (2009) found that providing information about the donation decisions of others can have a positive impact on individual donations to public radio. In this study, we attempted to replicate their results, however, we found no evidence of that social comparisons affected donation decisions. Most of our donors were renewing members, a group which Shang and Croson also found were not influenced by social information.

Little is known about the impact of aerial 1080 control on nesting success and abundance of birds. The South Island (SI) robin (Petroica australis) is vulnerable to predation by exotic mammals, with declining populations on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. We document the effect of an aerial 1080 operation carried out in 2011 on the relative abundance of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), rats (Rattus spp.), house mice (Mus musculus), and on SI robin nest success, comparing a site receiving aerial 1080 (Silver Peaks) to a non-treated site (Silverstream) in the Dunedin region. Although control reduced predator numbers, the relative abundance of house mice had recovered to pre-control levels after five months, as had rats after 12 months and brushtail possums after 15 months. There were no significant differences in SI robin nest success and nest survival over time between the treated and untreated sites, although negative relationships between nesting success and possum and rat abundance were observed.

Despite the utility of gaze gestures as an input method, there is a lack of guidelines available regarding how to design gaze gestures, what algorithms to use for gaze gesture recognition, and how these algorithms compare in terms of performance. To facilitate the development of applications that leverage gaze gestures, we have evaluated the performance of a combination of template-based and data-driven algorithms on two custom gesture sets that can map to user actions. Template-based algorithms had consistently high accuracies but the slowest runtimes, making them best for small gesture sets or accuracy-critical applications. Data-driven algorithms run much faster and scale better to larger gesture sets, but require more training data to achieve the accuracy of the template-based methods. The main takeaways for gesture set design are 1) gestures should have distinct forms even when performed imprecisely and 2) gestures should have clear key-points for the eyes to fixate onto.INDEX TERMS Eye tracking, gaze gestures, gesture design, human-computer interaction, multimodal interaction.

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