Background: According to the World Health Organization abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy prior to 20 weeks of gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500g. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of women on abortion in Herat city of Afghanistan. This cross-sectional study also serves to fill up the gap of the scarcity of data on abortion in Afghanistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged over 18 years old from over the 15 districts of Herat city of Afghanistan during 25 th March 2021 to 1 st June 2021. A total of 419 women participated in this study. Results: Total 30.3% of our participants were aged between 18-24 years old and 24.1% of the participants aged between 25-34 years old. Our 78.8% of the participants were married and 35.8% of the participants were Pashtuns by religion. Among 41.5% of them heard about safe abortion methods. Our 56.6% of the participants had a good knowledge score on abortion. Total 57.5% of the participants who aged between 18-24 years old had a good level of knowledge on abortion. Of all the illiterate participants in this study, 46.7% of them had a good level of knowledge on abortion while 76.9% of participants with high school educational level had a good level of knowledge on abortion. Conclusion: A comprehensive campaign on safe abortion covering all the ethical, religious, constitutional, and scientific domains should be considered by the ministry of Public Health. It is recommended that the ministry of education of Afghanistan consider organizing trainings on safe abortion for high school male and female students.

Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive ailment that is characterized by the regurgitation of stomach contents back into the esophagus. This cross-sectional study aims to estimate the prevalence of symptom-defined GERD and their correlation with age and BMI among the general population of Herat city, Afghanistan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Herat city of Afghanistan from March 1st, 2021 to March 25th, 2021. A respective sample of 400 adults participated in this study. Different variables were collected using a questionnaire developed. Data were evaluated in the IBM SPSS program.Results: 61.8% of the participants were aged between 18 to 34 years old. 59.3% of the participant's body mass index (BMI) was found to be normal and healthy. 50.5% of the participants were male and 41.3% of the participants responded that they have digestive problems. 42.5% of the participants had heartburn, 31.5% of the participants responded that they usually experience stomach acid coming up. 32.5% of the participants said that they have chest pain while 36.8% of the participants responded that they have indigestion problems.Conclusion: The result of this study shows that the prevalence of symptoms-defined GERD among the general population of Herat province of Afghanistan is higher than in many countries in the world. A significant association was found between heartburn and chest pain with the age groups. Also, a significant association was found between the indigestion symptoms of GERD and the BMI of the participants.