In this study, the plant node was dried in an oven (40, 50 and 60 °C), shade and temperature-controlled microwave (40, 50 and 60 °C) methods. Statistically (p < 0.05), the values closest to the color values of fresh grass were determined in an oven at 40 °C drying temperature. Effective diffusion values varied between 8.85 × 10 À 8 -5.65 × 10 À 6 m 2 s À 1 . While the activation energy was 61.28 kJ mol À 1 in the oven, it was calculated as 85.24 kJ mol À 1 in the temperature-controlled microwave. Drying data was best estimated in the Midilli-Küçük (R 2 0.9998) model oven at 50 °C. The highest SMER value was calculated as 0.0098 kg kWh À 1 in the temperature-controlled microwave drying method. The lowest SEC value in the temperaturecontrolled microwave was determined as 24.03 kWh kg À 1 . It was determined that enthalpy values varied between À 2484.66/ À 2623.38 kJ mol À 1 , entropy values between À 162.04/ À 122.65 J mol À 1 and Gibbs free energy values between 453335.22-362581.40 kJ mol À 1 . Drying rate values were calculated in the range of 0.0127-0.9820 g moisture g dry matter À 1 in the temperature-controlled microwave, 0.0003-0.0762 g dry matter À 1 in the oven, and 0.001-0.0058 g moisture g dry moisture matter À 1 in the shade. Phenolic content 6957.79 μg GAE g À 1 fw -48322.27 μg GAE g À 1 dw, flavonoid content 3806.67 mg KE L À 1 fw -22200.00 mg KE L À 1 dw and antioxidant capacity 43.35 μmol TE g À 1 fw -323.47 μmol TE g À 1 dw. The highest chlorophyll values were obtained from samples dried in an oven at 40 °C. According to the findings, it is recommended to dry the knotweed (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.) plant in a temperature-controlled microwave oven at low temperatures. In this study, in terms of drying kinetics and energy parameters, a temperature-controlled microwave dryer of 60 °C is recommended, while in terms of quality characteristics, oven 40 °C and shade methods are recommended.

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Elma (Malus domestica), gülgiller (Rosaceae) familyasından kültürü yapılan bir tür olup taze olarak tüketiminin yanında kurutulup meyve ve cips olarakta tüketimi son yıllarda daha fazla popüler hale gelmiştir. Ancak yapılan kurutma işlemlerinde enerji ve kalite özellikleri dikkate alınarak uygun kurutma şartlarının belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, bazı kurutma ön işlemleri (sitrik asit, potasyum karbonat, vakum impregnasyon) Golden delicious L. çeşidi elma dilimlerine uygulayarak kurutma işleminin enerji tüketimini azaltmak ve örneklerin fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerinin korunması amaçlanmıştır. Elma dilimleri sabit 70 ºC sıcaklıkta 3.98±0.06’dan 0.06±0.019 g nem g kuru madde-1 değerine kadar kurutulmuştur. Çalışmada, en kısa kuruma süresi 5.5. saat olarak tespit edilirken en uzun kuruma süresi ise 9.5 saat olarak belirlenmiştir. En iyi tahmin eden matematiksel model Wang Sing olarak belirlenmiştir. Kurutma işlemlerinin efektif difüzyon değerlerinin 1.03x10-5-6.67x10-6 m2 s-1 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Sitrik asit çözeltisine bandırıldıktan sonra kurutulan örneklerin efektif difüzyon değerinin en yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Tazenin renk değerlerini en iyi (P

With the increase in the world population and the continuous development of technology, energy demands continue to increase. In general, the global energy needs are met by fossil sourced fuels. Depleting nature of fossil energy sources, their negative impacts on environment, increasing energy demands have led the efficient use of energy sources and the shift to local and renewable energy resources. Biogas is a renewable energy resource. Since organic wastes are used in biogas production, biogas offers a significant way of elimination of wastes and a source of energy. Animal wastes are the primary source of biogas. In this study, it is aimed to determine the biogas potential of Tokat province from animal wastes. Depending on this purpose, the amount of waste and biogas that can be obtained from animal waste and the energy potential that can be produced have been revealed by using the current data of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. Energy equivalents of the biogas that can be obtained were also calculated. According to 2021 data, there are 303.952 cattle, 511.457 sheep and 247.333 poultry in Tokat province. Annually, 245.988 tons solid animal waste are obtained in Tokat province. In this study, conducted with the 2021 data of Tokat province, the amount of biogas that can be produced from animal wastes was calculated as 49 million m3/year. Districts with the greatest biogas potential are Merkez, Turhal and Zile respectively in 2021. The energy equivalent of biogas produced has been calculated as 292.000 MWh/year

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