The majority of Graves' ophthalmopathy, or thyroid eye disease, can be managed medically; however, in refractory or severe cases, surgical intervention with orbital decompression may be necessary. The majority of the published literature is retrospective in nature, and there is no standardized approach to orbital decompression. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the various surgical approaches and techniques for orbital decompression. Outcomes are ultimately dependent on individual patient factors, surgical approach, and surgeon experience.

The characteristic cleft nasal deformity presents several challenges for the rhinoplasty surgeon attempting to provide the optimal nasal function and appearance for their patient. One of the difficulties with cleft rhinoplasty is how best to address the malposition alar base. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the various surgical approaches and techniques for properly repositioning the alar base for cleft patients. Outcomes are ultimately dependent on individual patient factors, anatomy, surgical technique, and surgeon experience. Below, we will review the variety of techniques used, the evidence supporting certain techniques, and our preferences.