Adaptive reuse of buildings serves well the needs of the local community and leads to sustainable economic, social and environmental development; therefore, it is necessary to search the role that adaptive reuse plays in the sustainability of the heritage buildings. The research problem is represented by a knowledge gap about the impact of the determinants of adaptive reuse and its benefits that leads to the sustainability of the reused buildings. The aim of the research is to build a theoretical framework that helps to determine this impact. The research adopts the descriptive analytical approach to some of global, Arabian and local samples elected on the basis of the difference in the new function compared to the old one, the difference in the benefits of reuse achieved in the samples, the difference in the culture and nature of society in the chosen areas of the projects and the fact that the projects are carefully designed to preserve the originality of the architectural heritage. Finally, the research has reached some conclusions and proposed a number of recommendations based on the results of a practical study aimed at achieving the sustainability of local heritage buildings by reusing them again.
The research deals with the concept of the Informal settlements, as they are unauthorized subdivisions of lands in the urban environment that start with a sudden invasion on the lands of others without legal capacity, for a specific group of individuals, where they reside their houses, without official permission from the owner They are located in city centers or urban vacancies. So the paper aims to build a comprehensive theoretical framework for solving and addressing the problem of Informal settlements through the Programs and strategies of the urban land management system. The problems of the Informal settlements (security of tenure, ownership issues, increased demand for shelter, violation of the scheme of land use, basic services) are the main issues and tasks of urban land management. The research defines urban land management as the responsible authority in the urban sector that has the responsibility to solve and address obstacles that prevent achieving urban development aims, including these obstacles (informal settlements, housing, and infrastructure services). The research problem was represented by The lack of a clear perception of the role of urban land management programs and strategies in solving and addressing the problem of the Informal Settlements, while the research hypothesis was that Solving and addressing the problem of Informal Settlements is through the programs and strategies of the urban land management system, which is represented by the formal urban land management programs for informal settlements, a sustainable urban land management system and urban land management development in varying proportions. The paper built a theoretical framework for solving and addressing the problem of Informal settlements through the Programs and strategies of the urban land management system. The research concluded that The importance of programs and strategies for each of (formal urban land management approach, sustainable urban land management system, decentralized urban land management system and urban land management development), including (securing tenure for informal settlement dwellers, developing informal settlement areas and converting them into formal areas, providing basic infrastructure services, developing Participatory approaches between the public and private sectors, community participation, recognition of the right to decent housing), in solving and addressing the problem of informal settlements, albeit partially, which contributes to reducing or limiting the resort to informal settlements and thus their gradual disappearance.
Place attachment fulfills people’s emotional, social and environmental needs as cultural beings. It creats distinctive places that reveal the locality of the place, the political and economic reality of the society and interactive places It enhances urban perceptual factors such as sounds and smells and visual pleasure. It adapts to the factors of time and the spirit of the times and keeping place with advanced technology. Finally, the legibility through Information (cues, messages, Signals) achive the interaction of public place, environment quality, safety and security. This research aims to find the role of technology in increasing the sense of place in public places, and how the dynamic of technology can lead to place attachment and. It presents technology as an interactive dimension in public place,. By developing a theoretical framework for the vocabulary of attachment to place (the formal, conceptual and symbolic components of place), the human experience, interaction and the relationship of technology (function, program and design) by strengthening the interactive process between place and technology at the level of urban space, and the approach of analyzing urban projects that achieved connection with place was adopted by attracting the local and global community to apply these vocabulary and enhance research through it and show that technology represents the interactive dimension in public places by achieving human needs and achieving a diverse urban environment through (form and function) by applying new and developed programs. This does not reduce the attachment to the place, but rather enhances the feeling of interaction and physical and spiritual attachment.
يتناول البحث مفهوم البيئة الصديقة للمشاة في المجمعات السكنية . اذ تم تعريفه اجرائياً بأنها تلك البيئة التي يتوفر فيها مجموعة من الخصائص التصميمية والاجتماعية متمثلة بكونها امنة , جذابة , مترابطة وحيوية ومميزة وسهلة الوصول , فضلا عن كونها ممتعة مريحة تحقق السلامة لمستخدميها من خلال تصميم مسارات المشاة والسيارات وتوفير الاستعمال المختلط ووسائل النقل المستدام.تمثلت مشكلة البحث بوجود فجوة معرفية حول خصائص هذه البيئة ومعالجاتها في المجمعات السكنية محليا . ولهذا فأن هدف البحث هو سد هذه الفجوة . ويفترض البحث " ان البيئة الصديقة للمشاة في المجمعات السكنية تتحقق من خلال مجموعة من الابعاد التخطيطية والخصائص والمعالجات التصميمة والبيئية ". اجريت الدراسة العملية في مجمعين سكنين في اربيل هما حي كنجان والقرية اللبنانية .توصل البحث الى ان الهدف من البيئة الصديقة للمشاة هو تحسين النشاط البدني وزيادة جودة المكان والتفاعل الاجتماعي وتحقيق انماط النقل المستدام . اما من حيث الابعاد التخطيطية فتتحقق البيئة الصديقة للمشاة من خلال الاستعمال المختلط وتصميم مسارات المشاة . ومن حيث الخصائص التصميمية كانت اهم المفلردات هي سهولة الوصول والحيوية والوضوحية والامان والجاذبية فضلا عن توفير التضليل للمشاة كمعالجات بيئية.
Addition is regarded as one of the imp rtant concepts which has accompanied humanculture from time memorial in its various aspects of thinking, sc ience, and art.Thus, addition in architecture which represents a cultural product embodying man's thought, his social needs and demands was reflected in theory and practice through different historical era. Each era added to the previous one something new and distinctive serving development and growth. At present, the importance of this concept has emerged after an increased call to invest in the heritage and re-ernploy it in new attempts after adding to it, thus achieving an architecture that keeps up with progress and development, as manif( Sted in all fields of life. The issue of this paper pointed out the iack of knowledge a bout the crem ive nature of addition, which is connected to the designer in Contemporary Iraqi Architecture Thus; the main goal of this research is to.give the most efficient and :learest image to define this nature. The research has adopted four main steps which cover firstly theoretical study of creative product. Secondly, a comprehensive conceptual framework is built to describe creative nature of addition in architecture (its levels and characteristics). Th rdly, this framework is applied to selected examples of contemporary architecture in Iraq to extract the nature of creative addition. In this research we found the- special feature of addition in contempo,ary Iraqi architectural products has been explored becau•se it is a creative and inventive addition with derivative nature at the conceptual and physical levels, by adcpting assembly technique to achieve original and appropriate addition taking into consideration theoretical content and the nature of form elements.
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