Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) occurring outside the gastrointestinal tract are known as extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST). They share some common histopathologic and molecular characteristics. This report describes two female patients who were suspected of having a mesenteric GIST, but opted for surveillance rather than definitive treatment. Upon reassessment, both patients demonstrated increased tumor mass with no evidence of distant metastasis. The intraoperative findings confirmed the conclusion of clinical and imaging studies performed preoperatively and radical excisions were performed. Histopathological examination (spindle cell neoplasm) and immunohistochemistry (CD117) confirmed EGIST. Both patients underwent Imatinib therapy following surgery with no evidence of disease recurrence or metastasis upon follow up. Although sharing histologic features with GIST, EGIST frequently demonstrates distinct characteristics that facilitate the proper diagnosis and management of EGIST. Since it is a rare and aggressive disease with a poor outcome, early detection and curative surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive technique used in the initial diagnosis of different types of lesions located in head and neck region commonly originating from cervical lymph node, thyroid gland, salivary glands and soft tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speci city of FNAC in various head and neck lesions in correlation with their histopathological examination. Materials and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted among 209 patients with palpable head and neck region swellings in the Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital and the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. FNAC were done from palpable masses of head and neck regions. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS 17. Result: There were 209 FNAC cases enrolled, out of which lymph node lesions (n=128) were the most common lesions followed by thyroid (n=40), other soft tissues (n=27) and salivary gland (n=14). Reactive lymph nodes, colloid goiter, epidermoid cyst and sialadenosis were the predominant diagnosis of lymph nodes, thyroid gland, soft tissues and salivary gland respectively. Highest accuracy, sensitivity and speci city were observed in thyroid gland, salivary gland and soft tissues. However, four false negative results for malignancy were reported in lymph node lesions. Conclusion: Head and neck region swellings are the commonly encountered conditions. FNAC being highly accurate, sensitive and speci c makes it useful and reliable procedure for screening and diagnosis of palpable masses in head and neck region.

Introduction: The function of the thyroid gland is altered during pregnancy. Thyroid disorders during pregnancy are associated with serious maternal and fetal outcomes. Universal screening for thyroid disorders is recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorder during pregnancy in women attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from March 2020 to August 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review committee with reference number 20032020. The pregnant women >18 years of age, irrespective of their gestational age and gravida status, were included in the study by convenience sampling method. The participants were screened by estimation of thyroid function test. Data were collected, and statistical analysis was done in Statistical Packages for Social Services version 20.0. Results: A total of 329 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in the present study is 24.62 %. The most common thyroid disorder observed was subclinical hypothyroidism comprising 65 (19.75 %) cases followed by overt hypothyroidism 8 (2.43%) cases. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders during pregnancy in our settings. Timely screening of pregnant women helps in the early diagnosis and management of complications related to thyroid disorders.  

Background: Neonatal intestinal obstruction is one of the emergency conditions with many etiologies, amongst which congenital segmental dilatation of small intestine is one, which is characterized by three to four folds increase in diameter of the bowel. Immaturity of ganglion cells of large intestine is also one of the congenital intestinal neuronal malformations which may cause neonatal intestinal obstruction. Prompt diagnosis of these conditions is very difficult as clinical and radiological features are non-specific to them. Case Presentation: A 3-day-old male baby presented with failure to pass meconium, abdominal distension, and bilious vomiting. At surgery, the baby had congenital segmental pseudo-dilatation of jejunum with immature ganglion cells in colon. Since it was not typical of a congenital segmental dilatation, it was left as such. The baby needed another laparotomy for resection of segmental pseudo-dilatation along with ileostomy. Conclusion: Because of rarity and diagnostic dilemma, re-laparotomy with ileostomy, which could have been avoided, were performed in the baby. Lack of typical features of congenital segmental dilatation along with presence of immature ganglion cells in the colon were unusual findings in this case

Background:Ovarian cysts, which present as neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, are the most common gynecological cause of hospital admissions. This study was conducted to know the spectrum of ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among all the ovarian specimens sent for histopathological examination. Results: Germ cell tumour comprises 53.85% followed by Surface epithelial tumours 45.05% and metastatic tumour 1.1%. Among surface epithelial tumours, 82.9% were benign neoplasm, 4.9% were borderline and 12.2 % were malignant. Among all Germ cell tumours, 45 (91.84%) were Mature cystic teratoma, 2 (4.08%) was Immature cystic teratoma and 2 (4.08%) were Dysgerminoma. Conclusion: Incidence of Surface epithelial tumours and germ cell tumours were found to be almost equal with mild predominance of Germ cell tumour.