Objective:Analysis of shaping ability of four different rotary endodontic instruments using spiral computed tomography (CT).Materials and Methods:Eighty freshly extracted human mandibular first molars were used in the present study. Samples were randomly divided into four experimental groups with twenty samples in each group. Images of mesiobuccal canal of each sample were obtained pre- and post-operatively using spiral CT. All samples were prepared using their respective endodontic file systems (group I - ProTaper, group II - K3, group III - RaCe, and group IV - Mtwo). Image analyses were done using image analysis software for evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability. Data was then statistically analyzed using analysis of variance.Results:There was no statistically significance in transportation in their intergroup difference at any of the three locations (coronal, middle, and apical third). In centering ability there was no statistically significance in the coronal and middle third of the intergroup. However, there was a statistically significance of (P = 0.044) at the apical third between all the groups.Conclusion:Canals prepared with ProTaper had more canal transportation at all the three levels of root canal (coronal, middle, and apical third). Canals prepared with Mtwo were well centered at coronal and middle third whereas with RaCe canals were centered only at the apical third. All instruments showed some degree of canal aberrations in terms of shaping ability.

Objective: Traditional surgeries of the nasal septum improve the nasal airway but recent developments of endoscopic techniques have brought focus over several aspects of possible advantages over traditional techniques. These are due to better visualization and illumination, better accessibility and evaluation of exact pathology, lesser need of unnecessary manipulation, resection and overexposure of the septal framework and improving the scope for a revision surgery if required later. Materials and methods:Sixty cases of deviated nasal septum (DNS) refractory to conservative medical treatment were divided into two groups of 30 patients and underwent correction surgery for nasal septal deformity using both endoscopic and conventional techniques. Results:The postoperative follow-up was done at 1, 2, 4 weeks and 3 months. The clinical results of endoscopic septoplasty were found better as compared to conventional techniques with lesser complications and lesser period of hospitalization. However, the statistical analysis did not show a difference between the two groups. Conclusion:The use of endoscopic techniques offers lesser complications and lesser period of hospitalization. However, this study of limited series needs further extensive evaluation to statistically establish the proposed results in future.

Objective: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has known advantages over external DCR as a less invasive method without the need of any skin incision. Mitomycin C (MMC), a wound healing inhibitor, was used intraoperatively with the objective of reducing incidence of adhesion and synechiae formation as a postoperative complication leading to failure of the procedure. Materials and methods:Endoscopic DCR was performed in 60 patients. MMC (0.5 mg/dl for 5 minutes) was applied to the ostium in 30 patients in comparison with control group. Results:The postoperative follow-up was done at 1, 3 weeks and 3 months. The success rate of endoscopic DCR with intraoperative MMC was 90%whereas it was found to be 83.33% in control group. The statistical analysis did not show a difference between the two groups according to success rates. Conclusion:Adjunctive use of a wound healing inhibitor may be considered to increase the success rate of endoscopic DCR. Its intraoperative use seems to be easy and safe. This study of limited series needs further extensive evaluation to establish the adjunctive use of MMC in endoscopic DCR in future.

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BACKGROUND The objective is to study the role of tissue adhesives in myringoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty cases with a dry central tympanic membrane perforation were operated upon with conventional underlay type I tympanoplasty using autogenous temporalis fascia graft and the glue to spot weld the graft to flaps and surroundings. Results of surgery were assessed after six months postoperatively. RESULTS At six months postoperatively, 54 grafts were intact (90%) and all patients had significant audiometric improvement also. These results were better than those from statistics obtained from medical records (82%) using conventional methods for Myringoplasty suggesting this technique to be very promising. CONCLUSION Use of cyanoacrylate glue, in specific, in the underlay tympanoplasty technique using the temporalis fascia graft has many advantages. The main advantage of glue is ensuring the graft stability, due to spot welding of graft with the adhesive.