Daily interactions with the environment by the hands such as grasping, manipulating, writing, pull/push, carry, and playing music require specific forces and some precise movements provided by the various elements of the human hand. Skeletal muscles play a significant role in locomotion of upper as well as lower limbs. The muscle tendon unit involves nonlinear characteristics. A biomechanical model has been proposed to control the motion of a phalange, actuated through the muscle tendon unit by a virtual phalange, a part of the control by the central nervous system. The authors propose a bond graph based mathematical model to control the motion of a phalange through a virtual system using tendon actuation. Simulation results validate the proposed bond graph model.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.