L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier les barrières à l’Innovation Organisationnelle (IO) en distinguant les phases de son processus d’adoption. Six études de cas d’entreprises industrielles françaises ayant adopté le Lean Management nous permettent de recueillir une perception multi-acteurs des barrières et de les hiérarchiser. Nos résultats montrent notamment que les barrières internes et celles relatives aux attributs de l’IO devancent celles relatives aux coûts de l’innovation et à son financement qui priment généralement pour les innovations technologiques. Nous montrons aussi que ces barrières, loin d’être insurmontables, peuvent jouer un rôle de « stimulant managérial ».This paper strives to identify the barriers to Organizational Innovations (OI). Through six case studies of French manufacturing firms which have adopted an OI such as Lean Management, I gather multi-actor perceptions on the barriers to OI, and distinguish the different phases of this process. The results obtained provide a ranking of barriers and highlight that internal ones, particularly those linked to human resources, are the most important, even more than costs of innovation and difficulties in funding. I show that barriers can become “managerial stimulants” and dress some recommendations for firms and public actors who support OI projects.Esta investigación busca identificar las barreras a la Innovación Organizacional (IO). Con el caso de seis empresas industriales francesas que han adoptado una IO como el Lean Manufacturing, analizamos la percepción que tienen múltiples actores de las barreras a la IO e identificamos las fases del proceso. Los resultados nos permiten jerarquizar las barreras : mostramos que las barreras internas, como aquellas relacionadas a los recursos humanos, son más importantes que otras, inclusive aquellas relacionadas con costos, y que pueden jugar el papel de “estimulantes gerenciales”. Presentamos algunas sugerencias para empresas y actores del sector público que promueven proyectos de IO
This article identifies barriers that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) encounter when they openly innovate, according to the open innovation (OI) mode used (inbound, outbound, coupled). A qualitative analysis—involving seven case studies of SMEs active in digital (high-tech) or social economy (low-tech) sectors—reveals that they face more internal than external OI barriers. Overall, the nature of the barriers does not vary across OI modes, but their intensity does. With regard to external barriers, the results reveal a “tribe syndrome,” such that SMEs resist opening up to other firms that do not share the same values.
International audienceCette recherche analyse les antécédents de l'innovation organisationnelle (IO) dans une perspective d'innovation ouverte. Les résultats du test empirique basé sur un échantillon de 4 319 entreprises industrielles françaises montrent que cette perspective est applicable à l'adoption d'une IO à deux nuances près. Si les sources externes de connaissance ont un effet positif sur l'IO, ce dernier devient négatif au-delà d'un certain seuil. Les résultats indiquent également un effet de substitution entre le degré d'ouverture des entreprises et leur capacité d'absorption
The two main perspectives regarding the drivers of managerial innovation (MI)-institutional and rationalare often presented as contrasts in previous literature. This article seeks to bridge the two perspectives in an effort to analyze the external antecedents of MI in an open innovation framework. Using the French Organizational Change and Computerization survey, this analysis reveals that MI is influenced not only by active external search strategies but also by coercive pressures and a quest for legitimacy. The results also indicate a substitution effect between external search activity and absorptive capacity in relation to MI. That is, openness is beneficial for managerial innovation in manufacturing firms but internal obstacles still dominate.
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