No abstract

Commensal microorganisms heavily influence human health and disease pathogenesis, and the impact of the skin microbiome on numerous skin illnesses has recently piqued researchers’ interest, in addition to the gut microbiome. Probiotics are live microbial organisms that are good for the host’s health when given in sufficient proportions. The concept of probiotics has sparked much curiosity and scientific investigation since its inception. Probiotics alter the intestinal microbiota and are employed as a treatment technique for a variety of diseases. Despite several studies, the significance of probiotics in dermatological illnesses such as acne, vaginal infections, and atopic dermatitis has yet to be demonstrated. Evidence pointing to the “gut-skin axis” link has increased, and intestinal microbiota regulation may play a role in dermatological diseases. There is, however, no consensus on the species or the dosage to be utilized for such therapies. This article makes an effort to review recent evidence from the literature.

Erythema annulare centrifugum is one of the figurate erythemas which clinically presents by annular, polycylic, erythematous plaques which is characterized by scaling behind the progressing edge. It is considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction to an antigen. Various etiological factors like cutaneous or systemic infections, drugs, malignancy, pregnancy are considered. Hereby we report a case of erythema annulare centrifugum which was treated for long period of time considering to be a dermatophytosis. This report highlights the need to be vigilant for diagnosing this condition in patients presenting with erythematous annular plaques.

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) is a benign inammatory disorder of the skin that most frequently involves the face and scalp. It is characterized by asymptomatic, well dened, red, scaly patches of variable size, which heal with atrophy, scarring and pigmentary changes. Bowen's disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ of unknown etiology that occurs in both sun exposed and covered areas. It presents as well circumscribed, round to oval, pink or dark red scaly patches which may become hyperkeratotic, crusted or ulcerated.