Writing ability in children with cerebral palsy after phased fibrotomy 4 KORESPONDENCIJA / CORRESPONDENCE Pisanje je kompleksna sposobnost koja uključuje niz različitih sposobnosti i aktivnosti koje tokom pisanja moraju biti u interakciji. Uspešno pisanje se ostvaruje samo ako sve sposobnosti i svi ovi procesi funkcionišu i ako se tokom učenja, odnosno sticanja sposobnosti pisanja postigne njihova potpuna integrativnost.Cerebralna paraliza nema jednu karakterističnu kliničku sliku, već je ona speci čna za svakog pojedinca u odnosu na: etiologiju oštećenja mozga, lokalizaciju i veličinu oštećenja, period u kojem je došlo do oštećenja. Obzirom na ovu činjenicu procenu deteta sa cerebralnom paralizom treba zasnivati na modelu procene potencijala, odnosno kroz prole postignuća u pojedinim područjima, kroz kvalitativnu i kvantitativnu interpretaciju.Cilj ovog rada je procena sposobnosti pisanja dečaka koji je bio podvrgnut hirurškoj intervenciji etapne brotomije. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da postoji vidljiv napredak u sposobnosti pisanja nakon izvšenih intervencija etapne brotomije (naročito posle treće intervencije).Ključne reči: cerebralna paraliza; grafomotorna sposobnost; pisanje; etapna brotomija Writing ability is a complex that includes a variety of skills and activities that must be in writing in the interaction. Successful writing is achieved only if all the skills and all of these processes work, and if in the course of learning, or acquisition of writing skills reach their full integrativity.Cerebral palsy does not have a typical clinical picture, but it is specific to each individual in relation to: the etiology of brain damage, localization and size of defects, the period in which the damage occurred. Given this fact assessment of a child with cerebral palsy should be based on the model estimates the potential and profile through achievements in certain areas, the qualitative and quantitative interpretation.The aim of this study is to assess the writing skills of boy who had undergone surgery of stage fibrotomy. The research results indicate that there is a visible improvement in writing skills after the completion of stage fibrotomy intervention (especially after the third intervention).

Drawings are a significant determinant of children’s maturation and can be considered a reflection of the achieved level of a child’s intellectual abilities, but also an indicator of a child’s maturity and his or her emotional adaptation.The aim of this study was to determine the developmental level of artistic expression in students with cerebral palsy through the estimation of developmental stage by interpreting human figure drawings, and through defining the characteristics of artistic expression in relation to gender, age, type of school, grade, and upper limbs laterality of students with cerebral palsy.The study was conducted on the sample of 37 elementary school students, of both genders, aged 8–19, and diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The developmental level of artistic expression was determined on the basis of the stages determined as the criteria for human figure drawings.The results show that in the population of students with cerebral palsy the most frequent developmental stage of artistic expression was the Beginning of Conventional Drawings of human figures; that the better achievement with the statistical significance was found in girls when compared to boys (p < 0.05), among participants from regular school in relation to participants from special school (p < 0.01), among older participants as compared to participants from junior grades (p < 0.05), and in participants aged 12–14 when compared to those from the group of 8–11 years of age (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that children with cerebral palsy go through different developmental stages of artistic expression more slowly than typically developing children, which may be a consequence of primary disability, experiential factors, and specific development of these children.Key words: age, elementary school, gender, human figure drawings, specific development.*****Sažetak Crteži su značajan pokazatelj dječjeg sazrijevanja i mogu se smatrati odrazom postignute razine intelektualnih sposobnosti kod djeteta, ali i pokazateljem zrelosti djeteta i njegove emocionalne prilagodbe.Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi razvojni stupanj likovnog izražavanja učenika s cerebralnom paralizom na osnovi procjene razvojne faze tumačenjem crteža ljudskog lika te definiranjem obilježja likovnog izražavanja učenika s cerebralnom paralizom s obzirom na spol, dob, vrstu škole, razred i lateralizaciju gornjih ekstremiteta.Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 37 učenika osnovnih škola, pripadnika oba spola, u dobi od 8 do 19 godina i s dijagnozom cerebralne paralize. Razvojna razina likovnog izražavanja utvrđena je na temelju faza koje su definirane kao kriteriji za crteže ljudske figure.Rezultati pokazuju da je u populaciji učenika s cerebralnom paralizom najčešća razvojna faza likovnog izražavanja bila početak konvencionalnog crteža ljudskog lika, da su statistički značajno bolja postignuća utvrđena kod djevojčica u odnosu na dječake (p < 0,05), među sudionicima iz redovne škole u odnosu na sudionike iz škole za djecu s posebnim potrebama (p < 0,01), kod starijih sudionika u odnosu na sudionike iz nižih razreda (p < 0,05) i kod sudionika u dobnoj skupini od 12 do 14 godina u odnosu na one iz skupine od 8 do 11 godina (p < 0,05).Ovi rezultati pokazuju da djeca s cerebralnom paralizom prolaze kroz različite razvojne faze likovnog izražavanja sporije nego djeca urednog razvoja, što može biti posljedica primarnog poremećaja, iskustvenih faktora i posebnosti razvoja te djece.Ključne riječi: dob; osnovna škola; spol; crteži ljudskog lika; specifični razvoj