No abstract

Drug discovery and development for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has progressed significantly in more than 20 years, although it is still woefully underfunded. From a drug discovery perspective, tuberculosis is a particularly challenging disease. Screening for new antimicrobial agents is routinely conducted only against actively replicating bacteria. However, it is now widely accepted that a physiological state of nonreplicating persistence (NRP) is responsible for antimicrobial tolerance in many bacterial infections. The MICs of 138 established pure bioactive compounds determined in microplate cultures, of which anaerobic conditions were maintained for ten days and, for comparative purposes, aerobic conditions for seven days. Cultures exposed to drugs under anaerobic conditions followed by 28h of “recovery” under ambient oxygen produced a luminescent signal that was, for most compounds, proportional to the number of hits determined > 90% in MICs MABA was 99 (71.7%), GAS was 118 (85.5%), and MICs LORA was 7 (5.1%). As a result, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria conditions in vitro assays are prone to support a drug discovery program for tuberculosis. These potential bioactive compounds are in the drug discovery and development of anti-tubercular drugs.

Most of studies concerned with on-line Brand community show that it makes users to increase their brand loyalty and brand attachment. But it wouldn't be explained that on-line brand community could be the field of consumer's public complaining in service failure. So, this study tried to focus the dimensions of negative emotions and customer characteristics that may cause relationship dissolutions in on-line brand community. The findings of the present study following as, high relationship quality of on-line brand community user directly effects negative emotions, especially, disappointment and betrayal. second, disappointment and betrayal influences the desire of revenge. Third, customer's negative reactions (for example, negative replies about the brand or public complaining in community) are mediated by customer's desire of revenge. The analysis was held with brand community customers who has been experienced service recently by using SPSS14K and Smart PLS 2.0. The study verified the structural equation model hypothesizing the between emotional factors and negative reactions. In conclusion, this article provides implications into understanding of customer's negative emotions and user's characteristics that cause negative reactions in on-line brand community. thus, this may allow marketers to have managerial insights on handling of on-line brand community independently operated by consumers.