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Three studies tested whether individualism–collectivism moderates the extent to which values are endorsed as ideal self-guides and ought self-guides, and the consequences for regulatory focus and emotion. Across Studies 1 and 2, individualists endorsed values that are relatively central to the self as stronger ideals than oughts, whereas collectivists endorsed them as ideals and oughts to a similar degree. Study 2 found that individualists justified central values using reasons that were more promotion focused than prevention focused, whereas collectivists used similar amount of prevention-focused and promotion-focused reasons. In Study 3, individualists felt more dejected after violating a central (vs. peripheral) value and more agitated after violating a peripheral (vs. central) value. Collectivists felt a similar amount of dejection regardless of values centrality and more agitation after violating central (vs. peripheral) values. Overall, culture has important implications for how we regulate values that are central or peripheral to our self-concept.

The aim of this study was to find the mean age at menarche in two different tribal groups namely Kanjarbhat and Lamani. This study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding rituals, taboos, food pattern, social restrictions, health problems and nutrition observed during the menstrual period. The sample for the research comprised of 310 Kanjarbhat girls and 310 Lamani girls in the age groups of 11 to 18 years from Dharwad and Bijapur Districts of Karnataka State. The results reveal that the mean age at menarche among the Kanjarbhat girl's is13.0516 and Lamani girl's is 13.129 and total is 13.0903.

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