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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationships of city personality and city image, together with the possible effect of city image on the revisit intention of visitors, through empirical validation, so that some meaningful implications can reveal to city planners and marketers how the city tourists can be affected by the personality and image of the city. Design/methodology/approach – This study offers an integrated approach to understanding the relationship between city personality and city image. The research model investigates the relevant relationships among the underlying dimensions of city personality and city image by using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Data obtained from a sample of 302 respondents drawn from a web-based survey in South Korea were analyzed with AMOS program. Findings – The results of this empirical study indicate that city personality positively or negatively affect city image depending on the nature of constructs. Positive relationships are found to exist between excitement as well as sophistication personality and dynamic image of city. On the contrary, the relationship between sincerity personality and dynamic image is negative. All the specific three images of city: dynamic, specific, and static image show positive impact on revisit intention of city tourists. Originality/value – The empirical results of this study provide tenable evidence that the proposed SEM designed to consider city personality and city image, and revisit intention simultaneously is acceptable. Even though in the previous literature, researchers tried to explain the relationship between city personality and city image, the conceptual model and empirical studies pertaining to causal relationships among those constructs have not been thoroughly examined. It is believed that this study has a substantial capability for generating more precise applications related to city tourism, especially concerning city personality and city image.

This empirical study explored the determinants of exhibition service quality that affect exhibitor satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Four dimensions of exhibition service quality were delineated from the literature. Those exhibition service factors were then included in a structural equation framework to explicate causal relationships between exhibition service quality and exhibitor satisfaction and behavioral intentions. A total of 350 usable responses were collected from exhibitors attending various exhibitions in Hong Kong. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that three of the four exhibition service quality factors significantly affect exhibitor satisfaction, and exhibitor satisfaction then leads to exhibitors' behavioral intentions. Detailed findings and implications are discussed.

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This thematic review of exhibition literature highlights major research themes in current exhibition research and directions for future exhibition research. A total of 55 exhibition studies published in academic journals and conference proceedings were contents analyzed for the review. A number of exhibition studies have targeted exhibition visitors and organizers. This thematic review presents four major research themes: (1) motives for exhibition visit, (2) the role of visitors in the buying center, (3) exhibition service marketing, and (4) exhibition site selection. Research agendas for future exhibition research are discussed.