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Research Highlights: • Samples rich in vitrodetrinite are common both in marginal and basinal positions • Coaly layers were exclusively found in the Søgne and Cod areas • A correlation of TOC with liptinite percentages indicates enhanced bioproductivity or preservation efficiency • Nitrogen sorption data indicate that the soluble organic matter fraction represents the controlling factor on micro-and mesopores • Small mesopores are mainly associated with the high-molecular weight bituminous fraction, which appears non-porous at SEM-scale • The total inner surface area decreases with thermal maturity ABSTRACT The Upper Jurassic Mandal Fm. of the Central Graben, Norway represents an important source rock that charged major petroleum accumulations in the North Sea, including the giant Ekofisk field. Nevertheless, exploration to date has been less successful than expected in marginal basin position such as the Cod Terrace, the Mandal High or the Søgne Basin, probably due to higher proportions of thermally stable (type III) kerogen. In an attempt to delineate changes in initial kerogen composition from later effects such as delayed expulsion of hydrocarbons, traditional organic petrography and scanning electron microscopy were combined with organic geochemical proxies and gas adsorption tests. The kerogen composition of the Mandal Fm. shows considerable variation. Samples hosting autochthonous coaly layers were found in wells from the Søgne Basin and the Cod Terrace, for which less generative potential was previously postulated. Nevertheless, samples hosting mainly vitrodetrinite were also found in basinal wells. A correlation of total organic carbon contents with liptinite percentages highlights enhanced bioproductivity or preservation efficiency for samples with abundant algal organic matter, that were likely deposited under deeper water and possibly oxygen-depleted conditions. By combining organic geochemical proxies with nitrogen sorption data, it could be proven that in case of the Mandal Fm., the (bituminous) organic matter fraction represents the controlling factor on abundance of micro-and mesopores and hence adsorptive gas retention. The amount of bitumen extractable from the Rock-Eval S2 peak (S2bitumen) shows a strong correlation with the total inner surface area, suggesting that small mesopores (<10-15 nm) are mainly associated with the high-molecular bituminous fraction represented by the S2bitumen, which appears nonporous at SEM-scale. Furthermore, the total inner surface area decreases strongly with thermal maturity, documenting a change in pore characteristics of the organic matter fraction (growth of mesopores and occurrence of macropores) by advancing hydrocarbon generation. Pyrobitumen-rich Upper Visean reference samples at peak oil and early wet gas window maturity show intense sponge-like pyrobitumen-hosted porosity coinciding with a low relative proportion of S2bitumen (high petroleum quality). Pyrobitumen is not affected by solvent extraction, thus not contributing high-molecular weight compounds...