Due to much lower cost of development and production, circular arc blades are often applied to axial flow fans. However, compared with NACA 65 profile, circular arc blades have higher losses, which are caused by the formation of separation bubbles or complete separation at the leading edge. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a specific geometry of leading edge, which can reduce the separation bubbles or complete separation. In this article, circular arc blades with different leading edges are examined by numerical method. The numerical investigations were performed with Reynolds numbers of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. All examinations were performed for different incidence angles. The influence of the sidewall on the flow loss and behavior is taken into account. In this article, the influence of leading edge geometry and Reynolds number on the flow losses is shown. The occurrence of flow behavior such as separation bubbles at the leading edge, secondary flow, and corner stall is shown and discussed. The flow structure on the blade and the corresponding sidewall region is illustrated with numerical streamline figures.

Numerous corporate scandals, in conjunction with managerial misbehavior, demonstrate the need for compliance management systems (CMS) and the relevance of CMS assurance. This study investigates the impact of CMS assurance on German bank directors' perceptions and decisions, and analyzes whether the type of assurer and the level of provided assurance are relevant. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with 105 bank directors and used ANOVA to analyze their reliance on the hypothetical company's CMS, and their decisions regarding credit granting, purchase, and recommendation of shares. We chose a 2 × 2 + 1 between‐subjects design, manipulating the assurance provider (audit firm vs. third party) and the level of assurance (limited vs. reasonable), and adding a control condition without any assurance. Our results suggest that assured CMS positively affect bank directors' perceptions and decisions, compared to CMS without assurance. Furthermore, we find that our perception measure and all three of our decision measures are strongly associated with the choice of assurance provider, but only two decision measures are associated with the assurance level. Bank directors prefer assurance provision by an audit firm, whereas the findings regarding the impact of the assurance level are inconclusive. The study's results, which confirm the decision‐usefulness of CMS assurance, are of interest for managers, in particular compliance officers, auditors, creditors, regulators, and academics.

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Nowadays, even apps for corporate management are respectable. Manager app portals complement such “run-a-business” apps with apps that make managers’ business life easier. The right mix of apps makes the difference. Accommodating the user perspective, the objective of this article is to examine which apps disproportionately influence managers’ perception regarding the usefulness of information systems (IS). Applying the Kano model and considering both “analyst-” and “consumer-type” managers, we employ findings from a manager focus group survey to discuss the strongest differentiators: (1) Offer collaboration bars and push notifications for analyst managers. Get consumer managers “online” with news tickers. (2) Make core reports more interactive with drill downs and filters for manager self-service. (3) Take “fun and enjoyment” into account when accommodating managers’ business life. (4) Consider that tablets create their own manager use case as a “first-stop information shop.”