Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and  length of soybean seedling.

Patchouli oil is a type of oil obtained from the extraction of patchouli leaves and dried stems. In this study, the extraction process, also known as distillation, is conducted by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in West Pasaman, Indonesia. Patchouli oil must go through several steps before being by manufacturers, such as farmers, intermediaries, collectors. The interview and survey conducted show that SMEs are currently declining in West Pasaman due to the low selling price of patchouli oil while the production cost is high that declined farmers. Most traders do not add value to the product as they only collect patchouli oil and pass it on to next stages. This study aims to determine the production cost and profit margin of each stage in the supply chain of patchouli oil. Data were collected by interviewing the stakeholders, i.e., patchouli farmers, SMEs refining patchouli oil, collectors, and exporters. The production cost determined using traditional costing method. The results indicate that farmers obtain IDR 1.236 per day, while traders and collectors obtain respectively IDR 10.000 and IDR 3.833 a day. Surprisingly, the intermediary traders obtain the highest profit margin although they do not contribute to the added value of the product.

ABSTRAKBuah sawo (Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg) merupakan buah klimaterik yang mempunyai kulit tipis dan cepat matang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi pelapisan kitosan dan suhu simpan terhadap sifat fisik dan kimiawi buah sawo serta menentukan konsentrasi pelapisan kitosan dan suhu simpan yang paling optimum untuk memperpanjang masa simpan buah sawo. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Split Plot Design pola faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu suhu penyimpanan terdiri dari tiga taraf (5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C) sebagai faktor utama dan konsentrasi kitosan yang terdiri dari empat taraf (0%, 2%, 3%, 4%) sebagai sub faktor. Setiap kombinasi dengan lima ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf uji 5%. Buah dengan umur fisiologis sama, berat 100 -120 g dipanen dari satu pohon. Buah diberi perlakuan pelapisan kitosan dan disimpan pada temperatur yang berbeda, selanjutnya diamati sampai buah tidak layak dikonsumsi. Parameter yang diamati adalah tebal lapisan kitosan berbagai konsentrasi pada kulit buah, permeabilitas membran kitosan terhadap uap air dan O 2 , masa simpan, kekerasan buah, kandungan klorofil dan karotenoid serta laju respirasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi kitosan, semakin terhambat masuknya uap air dan oksigen ke dalam kulit buah, tetapi konsentrasi kitosan 4% dan suhu 5 °C menyebabkan lapisan kitosan mengelupas. Perlakuan konsentrasi pelapisan kitosan (0%, 2%, 3%, 4%) dan suhu simpan (5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C) serta interaksinya mengakibatkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi kitosan, kekerasan buah sawo semakin meningkat, juga kadar klorofil kulit buah. Semakin buah matang kadar karotenoid semakin meningkat, demikian juga kadar CO 2 . Kadar oksigen semakin menurun seiring dengan pemasakan buah. Perlakuan optimum untuk mempertahankan masa simpan buah sawo adalah perlakuan pelapisan kitosan 3% dan suhu simpan 5 °C.Kata kunci: Kitosan; karakter fisik; sawo (Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg); suhu ABSTRACT Sapodilla (Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg) is a climacteric and highly perishable fruit with thin peel. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the effect of chitosan coating concentrations and storage temperature on the physical and chemical characteristics of sapodilla and (2) to determine the chitosan coating concentrations and the optimum storage temperature for the storage of sapodilla. Factorial Split-Plot Design was used in this experiment: three levels

Technological disruption has an impact on fundamental changes in the order of human life. The disruption of technology has a positive and negative impact on human life. Facing the change and the impact of the technological disruption, the role of parents is very important in shaping leadership in children. This research was conducted by studying literature and text analysis of the Book of Deuteronomy 6:6-9. The results of this study aim to describe the urgency of the role of parents in building children's leadership according to Deuteronomy 6:6-9 in an era of technological disruption. The conclusion is the urgency of the role of parents in building children's leadership in an era of technological disruption according to Deuteronomy 6:6-9, among others: 1) To become spiritual educators of children. 2) Become a role model for spiritual discipline. 3) Discipline the spiritual growth of children. 4) Improve the relationship with children. 5) Give children responsibility for their spiritual growth. 6) Become a role model in healthy social media.AbstrakDisrupsi teknologi berdampak terhadap perubahan tatanan kehidupan manusia secara fundamental. Disrupsi teknologi memberi dampak positif dan negatif bagi kehidupan manusia. Menghadapi perubahan dan dampak akibat disrupsi teknologi, peran orang tua sangat penting dalam membentuk kepemimpinan dalam diri anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur dan analisis teks Kitab Ulangan 6: 6-9. Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan urgensi peran orang tua membangun kepemimpinan anak menurut Kitab Ulangan 6: 6-9 di era disrupsi teknologi. Diperoleh kesimpulan urgensi peran orang tua membangun kepemimpinan anak di era disrupsi teknologi menurut Ulangan 6: 6-9 antara lain: 1) Menjadi pendidik rohani Anak. 2) Menjadi role model disiplin rohani. 3) Mendisiplin pertumbuhan rohani anak. 4) Meningkatkan relasional dengan anak. 5) Memberi tanggungjawab anak terhadap pertumbuhan rohaninya. 6) Menjadi role model bermedia sosial sehat.

Lansium domesticum Corr. with vernacular name in Indonesian duku has been reported containing therapeutic bioactive compounds, and some of these compounds shown to be potent antitumor, anticancer, antimalaria, antimelanogenesis, antibacteria, and antimutagenic activities. This plant is commonly known as duku, kokosan and langsat by the local community in Indonesia. The morphological appearance of all varieties is nearly the same, and identifi cation of the varieties is very diffi cult for growers. Variation of DNA sequences of the ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) region can be used as a molecular character to determine the phylogenetic relationship of different varieties of L. domesticum. The aims of this study were to determine taxonomy status of duku, kokosan, and langsat, also phylogenetic relationship among varieties of L. domesticum based on ITS rDNA sequencing. DNA was isolated from leaves of plant and then amplifi ed using F1 and R1 primers. Nucleotide sequences were identifi ed using Sequence Scanner Software Programm version 1.0, nucleotide sequences from 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and 26S region, that has been mergered using EditSeq and SegMan in software Suite for Sequence Analysis DNASTAR Lasergene DM version 3.0.25. The results of study showed that DNA fragments ranging in size from 782-810 bp. Different pattern of DNA fragments indicated polymorphism among duku, kokosan, and langsat. Based on the results of the ITS rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. It was determined that Lansium and Aglaia are a separated genus with the similarity index value of 0.98. Duku, kokosan and langsat were divided into two cluster, namely cluster kokosan-langsat and cluster duku with the similarity index value of 0.996.