In the context of fierce competition, the human capital development of enterprises is subject to economic transformation factors and becomes essential. The purpose of the article is to study countries and analyze the investment of enterprises in the development of human capital. The study examined the Canadian and Chinese experience of investment in human capital development. Nuances of two countries in the sphere of human capital development are revealed by means of comparative analysis. The features of enterprise investments in the development of human capital in relation to the modernization of economic processes are substantiated. A number of practical recommendations were developed for the investment of enterprises in the development of human capital and the management system as part of the economic system development. This approach helps to establish a balance between the pursuit of profit of the enterprise as the basis for the activities effectiveness and formation for its development in countries.