Background: Among prokaryotes, Actinomycetes are one of the most explored microorganism due to their capability of novel bioactive secondary metabolites production. Actinomycetes secondary metabolites are known for their role in different cellular, physiological and biological processes. Main body: Actinomycetes are most widely distributed in natural ecosystem habitats such as soil, hypersaline soil, rhizosphere soil, freshwater, limestone, volcanic cave, marine sediments, sponges, and desert. Actinomycetes bioactive secondary metabolites most important features are that they have specific microbial producers, diverse bioactivities and unique chemical structures. Some important antibiotics produced by actinomycetes are actinomycetin, mycetin, micromonosporin and from actinomyces are lysozyme, actinomycin, streptothricin, proactinomycin and streptomycin. These antibiotics differ greatly in their structure, antimicrobial and toxicity properties. Actinomycetes secondary metabolites include spirotetronate, quinones, lactams, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, diketones, aromatic ketones, ansamycin, glycopeptides, lactones, Tetracenediones, anthracyclines, macrolides, fattiviracins, polyenes and tetracyclines, natural polycyclic polyketide. Conclusion: This review study summarized that Actinomycetes are naturally distributed species found in diverse environments. It is assumed that actinomycetes species found in extreme conditions have the capability to produce novel bioactive secondary metabolites that remain unexplored yet.

Antibiotic resistance issue is really unavoidable, increased due to decrease in production of novel secondary metabolites production. Actinomycetes have the potential to produce biological active compounds used as an antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antihelminthic, anticholesterol, anticancer, immunosuppressant, pesticides and herbicides. Current research study was design to assess actinomycetes for production secondary metabolites. For this purpose different soil samples were collected and with help of dilution method, actinomycetes were grown on enrichment. Actinomycetes were morphologically analysed under microscope and molecularly through PCR and 16S-rRNA gene-amplification. After confirmation, actinomycetes were grown on LB and GMC media have potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Current research study results that actinomycetes have potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. LB-media is the best suitable-medium for growth of actinomycetes and bioactive secondarymetabolites production. It is suggested that actinomycetes strains from various environment should be assessed for novel bioactive secondary metabolites.