Initial observation has been implemented for abdominal DT at our institution. Over half of patients observed required no intervention with prolonged follow-up. Tumor size and site may predict progression during observation, therefore representing higher-risk groups.

Anterior OS fixation shows excellent fusion rates and should be the first-line management in reduced/non-displaced acute type II (including type IIA) and high type III odontoid fractures as it preserves cervical motion. PF, that has also been associated with an excellent fusion rate, should be reserved for patients where OS fixation has either failed or has not been feasible.

No abstract