GENÉTICA VEGETAL Y BIODIVERSIDAD RESUMENEl marchitamiento vascular ocasionado por el hongo Fusarium oxysporum se considera el principal limitante en la producción de uchuva (Physalis peruviana) en Colombia. Se han identificado genotipos de P. peruviana y la especie relacionada P. floridana con diferentes niveles de reacción a F. oxysporum. En el presente estudio, se evaluaron los genotipos con el fin de complementar el conocimiento de la diversidad citogenética en Physalis y el diseño de estrategias de hibridación como apoyo al mejoramiento del cultivo de la uchuva. Se determinó el número de cromosomas en células en división mitótica de ápices radicales de plantas cultivadas in vitro, para lo cual se estimó como hora mitótica promedio las 12:00 para P. peruviana, y las 10:00 para P. floridana. Se encontraron dotaciones cromosómicas de 2n = 4x = 48 y 2n = 2x = 24 para cada una de las dos especies. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis por citometría de flujo, en el cual se detectó variación en el contenido de ADN nuclear en P. peruviana con 2,33 pg para el genotipo 2n = 24 y entre 5,77 y 8,12 pg para los genotipos 2n = 48. En P. floridana el contenido de ADN fue 2,29 pg para el genotipo con número cromosómico 2n = 24 y 4,03 pg para el genotipo 2n = 48. Se encontró un efecto significativo (α = 0,01) del número de cromosomas sobre el contenido de ADN nuclear para las dos especies.Palabras claves: cariotipo, citometría de flujo, conteo cromosómico. ABSTRACTVascular wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum is considered the main constraint of cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana, production in Colombia. P. peruviana and P. floridana genotypes with differential resistance responses against F. oxysporum have been identified previously. In the present study, the genotypes were evaluated in order to complement the knowledge of cytogenetics diversity in Physalis and to design hybridization strategies to support breeding of cape gooseberry crop. The chromosome number in mitotic dividing cells from root-tips of tissue culture plantlets was determined, from which the average mitotic hour was estimated at 12:00 hours for P. peruviana and 10:00 for P. floridana. Chromosomic complements of 2n = 4x = 48 and 2n = 2x = 24 were found for each one of the two species. Additionally, flow cytometry analyses detected variation within P. peruviana with a nuclear DNA content of 2.33 pg for the 2n = 24 genotype and variations ranged from 5.77 to 8.12 pg for 2n = 48 genotypes. In P. floridana DNA content was 2.29 pg in the 2n = 24 genotype and 4.03 pg in the 2n = 48 genotype. There was a significant effect (α = 0.01) of the number of chromosomes on nuclear DNA content for the two species.
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