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FBG, LDL-C, WC and gender are independently associated with serum hs-CRP concentrations.

Selenium binds some enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, which may be activated in biological infections and oxidative stress. Chemical and physical methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, apart from being expensive, have their own particular risks. However, nanoparticle synthesis through green chemistry is a safe procedure that different biological sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and plants can be the catalyst bed for processing. Synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) by macro/microorganisms causes variation in morphology and shape of the particles is due to diversity of reduction enzymes in organisms. Reducing enzymes of microorganisms by changing the status of redox convert metal ions (Se) to SeNPs without charge (Se). Biological activity of SeNPs includes their protective role against DNA oxidation. Because of the biological and industrial properties, SeNPs have wide applications in the fields of medicine, microelectronic, agriculture and animal husbandry. SeNPs can show strong antimicrobial effects on the growth and proliferation of microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner. The objective of this review is to consider SeNPs applications to various organisms.

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Background Obesity is associated with a state of systemic inflammation, mediated by adipose tissue-derived cytokines that may also have metabolic effects, including an effect on insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the serum profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in obese and non-obese subjects. Methods A total of 242 subjects who were either overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m) and non-obese subjects (body mass index <25 kg/m), were recruited in Mashhad in northeastern Iran. The concentrations of serum interleukin-1α, -1β, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10), were measured in all subjects, together with serum vascular endothelial growth factor, interferon-γ, epidermal growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Results The groups differed significantly with respect to measures of adiposity and fasted lipid profile. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-1α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-10, and epidermal growth factor were significantly different between obese and non-obese individuals, as was serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Multivariate regression showed that waist circumference was significantly and independently related to serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1concentrations ( P = 0.001). Conclusion Despite significant differences in several cytokines between the groups, only monocyte chemoattractant protein-1appeared to be independently related to a measure of adiposity in this population sample from Iran.