Background:Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents is one of the most important factors in inducing resistance and prolonged hospitalization as well as increase in patient mortality rate.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate aminoglycosides (AGs) usage pattern at intensive care units (ICUs) of Nemazee hospital Shiraz, Iran.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the usage pattern of AGs was evaluated during 32 months. Guidelines for AGs usage were approved by the drug and therapeutic committee of the hospital, and criteria were developed to assess 11 parameters involving AGs therapy, such as proper indication for the use of the drug, dosage and duration of therapy. Clinical parameters, such as microbial culture and sensitivity, serum creatinine (SCr) and creatinine clearance, and white blood cell count were evaluated.Results:Ninety-five patients were recruited, 50 male and 45 females. In most patients (64%) the origin of infection was hospital and only in 36% of them, community was the source. Ventilator associated pneumonia (27%), central nervous system (25%) and urinary tract infection (10%) were the most important indications for AGs prescription. Scores of AGs usage at Nemazee hospital was calculated as 5.9 out of 11, which meant that in only 54% of cases AGs prescription was based on guideline proposed by the Department of Clinical Pharmacy of Nemazee Hospital.Conclusions:Non-adherence to the guidelines occurred frequently in the ICUs of Nemazee hospital. Prescription of loading dose, and AGs level measurement were not done and evaluating microbiological data was often neglected. Incorporating pharmacists in the health care team and holding training programs for physicians and nurses with the goal of raising awareness about the proposed guideline.