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Aspiration pneumonia is a relatively common concurrent disease in animals suffering from brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). In addition to surgical correction of anatomical abnormalities, deterioration of respiratory function in these patients may warrant mechanical ventilator support to overcome severe hypoxia, hypoventilation or respiratory fatigue. Ventilation can be a life-saving procedure but is not free from contraindications, including oxygen toxicity. The authors report the successful treatment of a dog in respiratory distress following aspiration after BOAS surgery with short-term mechanical ventilation on 100 per cent oxygen. The patient also presented histamine release signs after administration of amoxicillin clavulanate.