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Various factors contribute to low reproducibility and replicability of scientific findings. Whilst not all of these are necessarily problematic, there is growing acceptance that there is room for improvement. Many sectoral organisations have a role to play in this, by refining incentives and rewards, promoting specific behaviours such as open research practices, and exploring innovations in grant funding and scientific publishing. However, given the systems nature of the challenge, real change will require the coordination of these efforts, and partnerships that ensure alignment of activity and interoperability of training. Efforts to improve research quality will require investment, in infrastructure, training, and research on research to ensure that innovative solutions are evidence-based, and potential unintended consequences are explored (and avoided). National structures (e.g., the planned UK Committee on Research Integrity) should focus on understanding the research system, identifying areas for improvement, and promoting research to understand the impact of novel approaches and innovations, in order to advise on how to maximise benefit and avoid harm.

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