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AIM: This study was designed to compare the effect of diabetes on the mucous and seromucous acini of the sublingual (SLG) and the submandibular (SMG) salivary glands of albino rats, respectively. METHODS: Twenty male albino rats were assigned into two groups; control and diabetic. Three months following the induction of diabetes mellitus (DM), both the SMG and the SLG glands were removed, randomly sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to estimate the volume-weighted mean volume of the acini of both glands together with examining their morphology. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was done to examine the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in both of them. RESULTS: We found that, unlike the SMG acinar cells, diabetes appeared not to affect both the morphology and the volume of the SLG acini. Interestingly, PCNA expression in diabetic SMG glands acini was significantly higher than diabetic SLG glands acini. Furthermore, we found that the expression pattern of PCNA was significantly higher between the control and diabetic groups in both glands. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the mucous acini of the SLG glands are less affected by the oxidative damage induced by DM.

Background: A novel dehydrated Human Amniotic Membrane (dHAM) allograft is a placental based scaffold that has been widely used in a verity of medical fields due to its unique regenerative ability in wound healing. Objective: To evaluate clinically, radiographically, and histopathologically the efficacy of dehydrated Human Amniotic Membrane allograf as a pulpotomy agent in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: I-Clinical and radiographical evaluation: This split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 deeply carious primary molars indicated for pulpotomy. They were selected from 16 healthy children aged 4-8 years. They were randomly allocated into two equal groups (20 molars/each). Group 1: dHAM pulpotomy in one quadrant and Group 2: Formocresol (FC) pulpotomy in the contralateral. All molars were treated with the conventional pulpotomy technique. All patients were recalled for clinical and radiographical evaluation at 3, 6, and 9 months post-treatment. II-Histopathological assessment: A total of 30 healthy lower first primary molars and canines that indicated for serial extraction were selected for histopathological evaluation. The dHAM allograft and formocresol pulpotomies were performed (12 teeth/each group), where the other 6 teeth were used as a control. Six teeth from each experimental group were extracted at post-treatment intervals; one and three months. The samples were prepared for histopathological evaluation. All data were subjected to the exact test. Fisher exact test and Monte Carlo test were also used. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: I-Clinical and radiographic results: The overall clinical success rates for both groups were 100%, whereas the overall radiographic success rates for dHAM and FC groups were 100% and 85%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). II-Histopathological results: The overall evaluation at 1-month interval showed better histopathological criteria for dHAM group than FC group, but the difference was only significantly better on the degree of the inflammatory response (p<0.05). Whereas at 3-month interval, the dHAM group displayed significantly better histopathological criteria compared to the FC group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The dHAM allograft with its regenerative, biologic biocompatibility properties and its ability to deliver growth factors has shown successful outcome comparable to gold standard formocresol. Hence, it can be recommended as an alternative promising pulpotomy agent.

Purpose The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fascia lata allograft (FLA) versus subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) in increasing the peri-implant mucosal thickness when placed simultaneously with dental implant histologically and histomorphometrically in human. Patients and methods A total of 16 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected to be included in this study. They were randomly classified into two treatment groups: a test group (FLA) and a control group (SCTGs), with eight implantation sites in each group. Three months after implantation, the augmented sites were located, soft tissue biopsies (n = 16) (punch biopsy) were collected for histological and histomorphometry analysis. Results Both grafts were integrated well into the surrounding soft tissues. Regarding percentage of fibrovascular tissue at 3 months postsurgery showed a significant increase in FLA graft in comparison with SCTGs it was (36.52 in the FLA group and 24.17 in the SCTGs group). A significant difference in the vimentin expression percentage in favor of FLA grafts in comparison with SCTGs; it was (24.95% for FLA) where it was (7.24% for SCTGs). Conclusions FLA was found to be clinically save with no adverse reactions and integrated well into the surrounding soft tissues and organized by newly formed connective tissue, and provided results are comparable to SCTGs (the gold standard).

Background:Netrin was believed to have a regulating role on the inflammatory reaction via its receptor UNC5B. Thus it takes apart in bone destructive diseases. Periodontitis represent a localized inflammatory bone destructive disease, so Netrin-1could be involved in anti-inflammatory regulation of periodontitis. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies were available in the literature assessing the role of Netrin-1 in periodontal health and disease. Aim:The present study was designed to assesssGCF Netrin-1and its receptor UNC5B levels in health and disease of periodontal tissues and evaluate effect of using simvastatin gel 1.2% as well as chitosan based simvastatin gel 1.2% as an adjunct to SRP on their levels. Patients and methods:The study design included 10 periodontally healthy subjects in addition to 45 systemically healthy stage II periodontitis patients divided equally into three groups andtreated bySRP, SRP+simvastatingel 1.2%and SRP+chitosanbasedsimvastatingel 1.2% (positive control & two study groups respectively). At baseline periodontalparameters were recorded and GCFsampling was performed for all participants and after treatment for periodontitis patients.Netrin-1 and and its receptorUNC5B levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Periodontal indicesat baseline inperiodontitis groupsshowed significant improvement after treatment comparedto its values at baseline. In both study groups, all periodontal parameters were significantly higher versus positive control group. At baseline, GCF levels of netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5B were significantly lower in periodontitis patients versus healthy controlsbaselineandincreasedsignificantly after receiving different treatment modalities. Conclusion:Localsimvastatingel 1.2%orchitosan basedsimvastatingel 1.2% asadjunct with SRPis effective in management of stage IIperiodontitis. Netrin-1 promotes inflammation resolution in periodontitis.