This paper aims to discuss gender equality in early childhood education (ECE) institutions in Indonesia. Based on the existing literature, the authors argue that ECE institutions still maintain traditional gender views. The authors also assert that in order to overcome gender bias in the curriculum, ECE institutions need to develop two things, namely: gender awareness pedagogy and gender sensitive curriculum. Teachers also need to provide opportunities to children to play all types of games to children, without segregating them into male and female categories. The main results of this literature review highlight the importance of efforts to promote gender equality in ECE institutions in Indonesia.

The purpose of this paper is to describe self-reflection during critical theory classes. A student should have a critical way of thinking. In this paper, the authors describe many new perspectives, especially in thinking, including how politics, society, economy, culture affect human views and activities. The authors concluded that scepticism is necessary in building critical thinking.