Moringa oleifera seeds possess coagulating and antimicrobial properties for wastewater treatment. This paper reports the chemical and biological analyses of wastewater samples from the university hostel (W 1), the main abattoir (W 2) and the Nigerian Bottling Company, NBC (W 3) in Maiduguri, Nigeria; treated with Moringa seed solution concentration (MOSC) at 0 (Control), 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels. The treated wastewater was used for irrigating Amaranthus hybridus under drip irrigation on sandy loam soil on the Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering Departmental Research Farm, University of Maiduguri. Initial coliform counts (CC) were measured as 1405, 1571 and 1314 cells/100 mL; the electrical conductivity (EC) values were 0.78, 1.20 and 1.23 dS/m and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was 1.12, 1.54 and 1.18. Similarly, the pH values were measured as 8.56, 5.60 and 6.98, while Boron (B) showed as 0.44, 1.80 and 1.28 for W 1 , W 2 and W 3 respectively. The initial soil conditions (0 i) were shown to contain CC (28 cells/100 mL), EC (0.69 dS/m), B (0.63 mg/L), pH (6.5), N (10.71 mg/L), P (10.42 mg/L) and SAR (0.88). The results obtained indicate that the Moringa seed solution at 40% had an appreciable effect on most of the quality parameters in the irrigated soil when compared with the initial values.

Crop water requirements and irrigation timing are particularly important in arid and semi-arid regions where water is scarce. In this paper, theoretical crop water requirements and irrigation timing for Amaranthus hybridus in Maiduguri metropolis, north-eastern Nigeria were determined under drip irrigation for the dry season. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was based on the PenmanMontieth formula and CROPWAT 8.0. An elemental irrigated area (A i ), crop canopy factor (Cp) and emitter application rates (ar) at each growth stage, were assumed. The highest reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of 6.6 mm day -1 was obtained in May while the lowest of 3.7 mm day -1 in December compared to other months. Also, water requirement (WR) values were computed based on the Freeman Garzoli correction factors. At 30%, 60% and 100% crop canopy coverage, peak water requirements (WR) of 0.7, 1.8, 2.3 L day -1 and low values of 0.4, 1.0, 1.3 L day -1 were obtained in May and December respectively. Emitter application rates of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Lh -1 resulted to longest irrigation time (T irrig .) of 1.4, 3.7, and 3.9 h day -1 in May while shortest irrigation were 0.3, 0.7 and 0.9 h day -1 in December for early, development and maturity stages respectively.

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