In Quantum Private Query (QPQ), a client obtains values corresponding to his query only and nothing else from the server and the server does not get any information about the queries. Giovannetti et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008) gave the first QPQ protocol and since then quite a few variants and extensions have been proposed. However, none of the existing protocols are device independent, i.e., all of them assume implicitly that the entangled states supplied to the client and the server are of certain form. In this work, we exploit the idea of a local CHSH game and connect it with the scheme of Yang et al. (Quantum Inf. Process., 2014) to present the concept of device independent QPQ protocol for the first time.

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Maternal practices regarding children's health care have been recognized as an important factor associated with mortality rates among children < 5 years of age. We focused on health care-seeking practices of primary caretakers of children < 5 years of age with diarrheal disease in Kolkata. We interviewed caretakers of 1,058 children in a baseline survey and 6,077 children on six subsequent surveys. The prevalence of diarrhea during the preceding 2 weeks was 7.9% in the baseline survey and 5.7% (lowest 3.5% to highest 7.8%) in subsequent surveys. Multivariate logistic regression showed that formal education of primary caretakers was associated with seeking care outside the home (odds ratio [OR] = 15.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.5–85.7]; P = 0.002). Multinomial logistic regression showed that formal education of the primary caretaker (OR = 21.4; 95% CI [3.2–139.0]; P = 0.002) and presence of dry mouth during diarrhea (OR = 17.3; 95% CI [2.7–110.9]; P = 0.003) were associated with seeking care from licensed providers compared with the children for whom care was not sought outside of the home. This health care utilization and attitudes survey (HUAS) can serve as a tool to identify the factors that influence a better health care-seeking pattern in urban slums of Kolkata.

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles with various morphologies such as sphere, rod, whisker, and platelet have attracted a great deal of scientific and technological interest for their broad utilization as reinforcing agents in bone cement, bone fillers, drug carriers, and adsorbents for chromatography. In this Article, a simple method to control the morphology of HAp particles by adjusting the initial pH of precursors and the amount of gelatin and urea additions is introduced. Initially formed calcium phosphate products such as octacalcium phosphate (OCP), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are found to be altered by changing the pH of solutions, which induces variation of HAp morphology as well as phase transformation route to HAp. From the observation of HAp formation behavior, the addition of gelatin is revealed to retard HAp formation as well as to change the aspect ratio of HAp particles, which is ascribed to strong adsorption of gelatin on the surface of calcium phosphate. Also, urea is observed to boost HAp formation rate by enhancing hydrolysis reaction. Through the understanding of the influence of the aforementioned variables, the morphology of pure HAp particles is successfully controlled, and this enables the promotion of the applicability of HAp particles in various fields.