Surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, using restriction fragment length polymorphisms have provided the first clear evidence that the Indo-West Pacific region is a site of accumulation of genetic diversity rather than a site of origin of genetic diversity. No haplotyes were found in common between a group of five southeast African populations and a group of five Australian (including Western Australia) and three southeast Asian populations. The dominant haplotype was different in the Australian and southeast Asian population groups. Genetic diversity (pi) was greatest in Indonesia (pi averaged 0.05), less in the Philippines and Australia (pi averaged 0.01), and markedly less in the southeast African and the West Australian populations (pi averaged 0.003). The high diversity of the southeast Asian populations resulted from the occurrence in those populations of a set of haplotypes found only in southeast Asia but derived from the southeast African haplotypes. These genetic variants therefore evolved in the Indian Ocean and later migrated into the Indo-West Pacific region. Low genetic variation in the geographically marginal populations in southeast Africa and Western Australia is considered to be the result of bottlenecks, but mismatch distributions suggest that large population sizes have been maintained in Indonesian populations for long periods.

No abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis shelter (tempat berlindung) yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan larva teripang pasir. Wadah percobaan adalah sembilan buah akuarium yang berukuran 60x40x40 cm3 yang masing-masing ditebari 3800ekor larva teripang pasir stadia doliolaria.

Samples of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were taken from three locations Bali, North Sulawesi and North Maluku. The glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) was analyzed from liver using allozyme electrophoresis method. Polymorphism of GPI enzyme was observed and four alleles (A, B ,C, D) were found in Bali population, three alleles (A,B,C) were found in North Maluku and North Sulawesi populations. Heterozygosity values, from Bali, North Maluku and North Sulawesi were 0.419; 0.417; 0.143 respectively. Genetic distance between North Sulawesi and North Maluku were 0.029, and with Bali population was 0.353. These results indicated that North Maluku and North Sulawesi population were not separate by geographic barrier, therefore genetic distance of both populations was closed. However, those populations were genetically separated to the Bali population might be due to major hydrological barrier.

Upaya untuk menyederhanakan dan mengefisiensikan penggunaan bakteri slrain Alteromonas sp. BY-9 melalui pakan alami maupun pakan buatan telah dilakukan