The paper presents the research results of the impact of different fertilization systems - mineral and organic, using intercropping of green manure crops, biological resources (straw of grain crops, foliar of maize) on crop yields of grain rotating crops - winter wheat, maize, peas and the productivity of hectare of arable black land of ordinary carbonate chernozem in dryland conditions of the Central Caucasus region with different indicators of growing seasons. The scientific novelty of the paper is the identification of optimum-rational fertilization systems and the justification of the influence of the studied fertilization systems and the use of by-products of the crop rotation, which make it possible to obtain stable crop yields and maintain the humus content in the soil. The work defines the efficiency of the use of different mineral fertilizer doses in combination with organic fertilizers, which form the highest crop yield and crop rotation productivity.