Classical models of sexual selection posit net stabilizing selection on male signal traits due to countervailing forces of natural and sexual selection (Kirkpatrick, 1982; Lande, 1981). That is, there is often a trade-off between the cost of a mating signal trait and the benefit of that trait for increased reproduction (e.g., Heinen-Kay et al., 2014). Net stabilizing selection can be disrupted by changes to the strength of natural and/or sexual selection: Male signal traits can become more elaborated under low predation regimes (e.g.,
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