Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2), a highly contagious single stranded RNA virus genetically related to SARS CoV. The lungs are the main organs affected leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure in severe cases that may need mechanical ventilation. Occasionally patient may present with gastro-intestinal, cardiac and neurologic symptoms with or without lung involvement. Pathologically, the lungs show either mild congestion and alveolar exudation or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with hyaline membrane or histopathology of acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) that parallels disease severity. Other organs like liver and kidneys may be involved secondarily. Currently the treatment is principally symptomatic and prevention by proper use of personal protective equipment and other measures is crucial to limit the spread. In the midst of pandemic there is paucity of literature on pathological features including pathogenesis, hence in this review we provide the current pathology centered understanding of COVID-19. Furthermore, the pathogenetic pathway is pivotal in the development of therapeutic targets.

Primary adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube is one of the rarest and accounts for about 1% of all gynecological malignancies. We are presenting this rare case of the primary fallopian tubal carcinoma. A 60-year-old female patient with para 2 visited the Gynecologic and Obstetric Department with the complaints of white discharge and abdominal pain since 4 months duration. Radiological study suggested hydrometra with polypoidal growth in the left adnexa suggestive of malignant lesion. The patient underwent the total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy along with the omental resection. On histopathology diagnosed as the primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with cytokeratin-7 positivity.

Background: Thyroid lesions are most common head and neck lesions and a study was conducted to analyze thyroid aspiration smears by using The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), it has standardized reporting and cytological criteria in thyroid aspiration smears.Aims and Objectives: To analyze the thyroid aspiration cytology smears by using TBSRTC and categorize, subcategorize thyroid lesions according to the TBSRTC monograph and to correlate cytopathology and histopathology, wherever surgery was performed. Material and Methods: The retrospective study of 390 patients who presented with various thyroid presentations. FNAC was performed, smears were stained and evaluation of smears and categorisation was done as per TBSRTC into non diagnostic/unsatisfactory (ND/UNS), Benign Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesions of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), Follicular neoplasms / suspicious of follicular neoplasms (FN /SFN), Suspicious of malignancy(SFM), and Malignant. Cytohisto correlation was done. Results: Out of 390 thyroid FNAC's ND/UNS 14(3.5%), Benign 357(91.3%), AUS/FLUS 01 (0.23%), FN /SFN08 (2.05%), SFM04(1.02%), Malignant 06 (1.53%). Cytohisto correlation was done in 53 patients sensitivity, specificity were calculated. Conclusion: TBSRTC is an excellent reporting system for thyroid which avoids the unnecessary surgeries for the benign thyroids and gives proper guidelines to the clinicians about the patient management.

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Emergency peripartum hysterectomy is performed as a life saving measure in uncontrolled PPH. OBJECTIVES: To examine incidence, risk factors, indications, outcome and complications of emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a teaching hospital. METHODS: A 5 year prospective study conducted between January 2010 to December 2014. Demographic data, detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations obtained. RESULTS: The incidence of EPH in present study was 0.6 per 1000 deliveries. Most of these patients were young, mean age of 22.67 years, para 1 and 2, 84.21% were unbooked with no antenatal visits and delivered outside. Rupture of uterus was the commonest indication (42.10%) for EPH, followed by uterine atony (26.32%) and abnormal placentation (26.32%). Both total or subtotal hysterectomy were performed as a life saving measure after conservative measures failed. Maternal mortality in this study was 15.79%. Other complications noted were febrile illness, anaemia, coagulopathy, renal failure, wound infection. CONCLUSION: EPH performed for uncontrolled PPH is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Its incidence can be reduced by regular antenatal check-ups, early detection and referral of high risk patients and updating knowledge and skill of doctors working in peripheral centres.