Background: Dengue is an acute viral infection has emerged as a notable public health problem. Rapid immunochromatographic test and IgM/IgG ELISA has been the mainstay of diagnosis. Combination of NS1 antigen detection along with antibody detection increases the diagnostic rates. Thrombocytopenia begins during febrile phase. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the association of platelet counts against immunochromatographic test (NS1 and IgM/IgG) and IgM ELISA in dengue infections. Methodology: The study of variation in different platelet parameters in dengue fever cases was undertaken in our department over a period of 18 months from July 2017 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria: All patients with clinical features and serologically positive dengue infection included.   Exclusion criteria: Patient’s which are serologically negative dengue and if routine laboratory test suggesting a bacterial, parasite or any viral infection other than dengue infection or any other disease.  CBC was done from all clinically suspected dengue cases. Serum samples were tested for NS1, IgM and IgG by immunochromatography-based test and IgM MAC-Capture ELISA. Platelet counts were obtained from all serologically positive cases. Test results of dengue specific parameters were compared against platelet counts. Results: Of 636 samples tested, 396 were positive for one or more dengue parameters. Of the 396, 312 were positive for NS1, 152 were positive for IgM, 41 were positive for IgG and 354 were positive for IgM ELISA. Thrombocytopenia was consistently associated with one of the serological parameters. Conclusion: It can be concluded from our study that Thrombocytopenia was found in all serological positive dengue cases and showed a significant correlation with serological markers.

Background: In India breast cancer incidence is on rise and large number of cases occur before 50 years of age. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are known to increase the survival of the patients. As fine needle aspiration cytology is widely used as a preliminary mode for the diagnosis of breast malignancies, adding a reliable grading system in reporting shall aid in planning the management options. Methods: It’s a prospective study done on 100 cases of breast malignancies from June 2018 to May 2020 in department of Pathology JLNMC, Ajmer. Cytology smears were stained with H&E and Geimsa and graded according to Robinson’s cytological grading system while their corresponding histopathological sections were stained with H&E and graded as per Elston and Ellis modification of Scarff Bloom & Richardson grading system and the results were compared. Result: Out of 100 cases of breast cancer evaluated in cytology 29% were grade I, 56% were grade II and 15% were grade III. On histopathological evaluation 25% were grade I, 54% were grade II while 21% were grade III. A highly significant association between the two grading systems was observed with coefficient of correlation 0.831, p value of <0.001 and concordance rate 80%. Conclusion: There is high degree of concordance between the Robinson’s and Elston and Ellis modification of Scarff Bloom & Richardson grading system. Robinson’s method is an easy and quick and reliable method to grade carcinomas of breast, hence it should be included in cytology reporting of breast carcinomas.

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Background: Testicular tumor is the most general solid tumor of young men but only accountable for about 1% of all cancers in men. The peak incidence is between 15 and 34 years age group. Testicular tumors are divided into two categories: germ cell tumors and nongerm cell tumors. Germ cell tumors consist of about 95% of all testicular tumors.

Background: Among genital malignancies, ovarian cancer has the most increased mortality rate. ER, PR and HER2/neu expression levels depend on tumour histologic grade, stage of disease and age group. Aim of the study was to study the clinic-pathological parameters in ovarian tumours with reference to age, histologic type and grade and their correlation with ER, PR and HER2/neu status.Methods: The prospective study of 2 ½ years was conducted on 100 resected ovarian tumour specimens from June 2017 to December 2019 received in the department of pathology, JLN medical college, Ajmer. Sections were examined for presence of ovarian tumour, histological type, grade and for ER, PR and HER2/neu status, immunohistochemistry was done.Results: Out of 100 cases, 72 cases were benign, 03 cases were border-line and 25 cases were malignant. Serous tumors were most common among all epithelial tumors (61%). Malignant cases showed maximum positivity with ER, PR and HER2 as 61.76%, 68% and 100% respectively. ER, PR and HER2/neu positivity in serous epithelial tumors was 76.47%,84% and 90% and in mucinous tumors was 20.59%, 12% and 10% respectively. Majority of positive ER, PR and HER2/neu receptors was observed in age groups of >40 years as 64.71%, 64% and 85% respectively. ER, PR and HER2/neu positivity seen in higher grade and stage tumors as 76.19%, 76.47% and 70% in grade 3 and stage 3 tumors respectively.Conclusions: The higher expression of ER, PR and HER-2/Neu is associated with progression of invasive cancer, higher grade and stage of ovarian tumors, higher age group, and multiparty.