Abbreviations: 5-HIAA, hydroxyindole acetic acid; 5-HT, serotonin; ACC, acetyl coa carboxylase; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; ADA, adenosine deaminase; Akt, protein kinase b; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AO, acid output; APAP, n-acetyl-p-aminophenol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; bax/bcl-4, apoptosis regulator; bcl-1, cyclin b 1 ; bcl-2, cyclin b 2 ; bcl-xl, cyclin b xl; BUN, blood urea ni-

Lasia spinosa Linn. (Family: Araceae) is an important medicinal plant, which is traditionally used for treatment of different human ailments. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic, antiinflammatory and in vivo analgesic and hypoglycemic potentials of n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of methanol extract of L. spinosa whole plant. Additionally, phytochemical screening was carried out by qualitative tests, which confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, saponin in this plant. During in vitro thrombolytic assay, the aqueous fraction at a dose of 500 μg/100 μl showed the maximum 33.15% lysis of the blood clot, as compared to the standard streptokinase (80.10%). The in vitro anti-inflammatory test was performed by inhibition of egg albumin denaturation assay and RBC membrane stabilization method. The chloroform fraction exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting 51.53% denaturation of albumin and by inhibiting 54.8% hemolysis of RBC membrane against hypotonic solution. Analgesic activity was evaluated by tail immersion method for central mechanism and by formalin-induced lick test for peripheral mechanism in mice. In tail immersion method, all the solvent fractions of L. spinosa at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant (p<0.05) elongation in pain reaction time. In peripheral analgesic activity test, the chloroform fraction at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight inhibited a maximum of 35.44% licking response induced by formalin, as compared to the standard aspirin (53.22%). In the hypoglycemic activity test, all the fractions showed a moderate effect in reducing the blood glucose level in mice treated with 10% glucose. In conclusion, the plant L. spinosa can be considered as a promising source of bioactive compounds for the development of new phytomedicine. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 111-119, 2021 (June)

Medicinal plants can serve as a prominent source of bioactive secondary metabolites which can exert beneficial effects to combat against many human diseases. Lannea grandis (Dennst.) Engl, a member of Anacardiaceae family has several applications in the ethnomedical practices. In this study, the ethanol extract of L. grandis leaf (ELG) along with its petroleum-ether and chloroform fractions were subjected to phytochemical analysis along with the evaluation of antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, and sedative activities using standard protocols. Phytochemical screening was performed according to common phytochemical tests. Antimicrobial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method where the ethanol extract of L. grandis showed significant activity against tested bacterial species (zone of inhibitions = 10.8±0.85 to 13.8±1.84 mm). The same extract also exhibited the highest antifungal activity against Blastomyces dermatitidis (zone of inhibition = 20.5±0.35 mm). The chloroform fraction of L. grandis at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight produced a significant (p<0.05) anti-diarrheal effect with 40.69% inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. During sedative activity assay in mice, the plant extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight produced mild reduction in the time of onset of sleep and increased the length of the sleeping time induced by a sedative, phenobarbitone. In conclusion, the plant L. grandis can be considered as a base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine. Keywords: Lannea grandis, phytochemical, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, sedative activity.