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Our results demonstrated the in vivo antibacterial activity of roselle calyx extract against Staphylococcus aureus using a novel Drosophila infection model platform that shall emphasize the idea to explore the use of roselle calyx extract as a source to discover novel anti-staphylococcal agents.

This article examines the creation myth in Serat Purwakandha Brantakusuman (SPB), how its characteristics are compared to myths in Indonesia and existing mythical theories, and explains philosophical themes that can be examined from these myths in order to give its theoretical contributions in existing mythical theories. It is a literature study by reviewing books texts, research reports, journals, and other sources. The analysis is done by interpretation, coherence-holistic, description, and analysis-synthesis. The theoretical framework used is the myth theory C A. Van Peursen and Clifford Geertz. The results of the study indicate that the myth of the creation of plants in SPB is based on the story of the death of Dewi Tisnawati who was banished to earth. The study of myths about the origin of plants is new because research examining myths related to agriculture and Dewi Sri, the influence of myths in life and human activities, forms of rituals and socio-cultural activities, and the relationship between myths and art, are more related to origin place. The myths in SPB and myths in Indonesia contribute to supporting myth concepts that have been described by great thinkers. The creation myth and other myths in the SPB can be subject to study from the perspective of the branches of philosophy and its conceptual substances can also be criticized philosophically

Increasing concerns on the adverse effect of synthetic antioxidants and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have become two essential problems to be addressed. To tackle them, exploration of natural resources to discover novel antioxidants and/or antibacterial agents is urgently required. The aim of this research was to investigate the correlation of phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts to their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Green tea, green coffee, cocoa pod husks, bee pollen, and rosella calyces were processed and subjected to 80% ethanol-based maceration procedure to obtain extracts with appropriate condition. Each extract was examined for its phenolic and flavonoid concentrations using the Folin–Ciocalteau method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Further analysis on the free-radical scavenging potential and antibacterial/antibiofilm activity against S. aureus were carried out. Samples were found to contain total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) at different concentrations. The highest level of TP and TF was identified in green tea extract and corresponded to the lowest IC50 against DPPH and the lowest MIC against S. aureus colonies or to their respective biofilm. In contrast, low amounts of TP and TF were found in cocoa pod husks and bee pollen which were further demonstrated high IC50 and high MIC. Collectively, our results suggested the linear correlation of phenolic- and flavonoid contents to the antioxidant and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities of plant extracts. The higher the phenolics and flavonoids level, the better the antioxidant and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities obtained from the corresponding extracts.