This article discusses the main history of the creation of high-speed short-stroke diesel engines and an assessment of the main factors that most significantly affect the working process of a diesel engine. When developing a new design of a high-speed diesel engine, it is necessary to pay special attention to the following factors: the intensity of the air charge, injection pressure parameters, the shape of the combustion chamber and the choice of the best option. Research carried out with a 7 x 0.15 mm nozzle in a wide range of speed changes (n = 1000 + 2800 min-1) shows that it is possible to find a position of the widened valve at which optimal results are obtained at medium and high rotational speeds, and on small - engine performance will deteriorate slightly.