Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and a major health problem globally. Estimates suggest that in 2019, there were 63 million people in the world living with DM and that number is expected to rise to 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). In Indonesia, there are approximately 10.7 million people living with DM in 2019 and that number is predicted to rise to 13.7 million in 2030, and 16.6 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). An increasing number of people with DM will lead to increasing numbers of DM-related complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and foot ulcers

The prevalence of degenerative diseases increases with age. Furthermore, various factors tend to trigger cells injury, thereby, causing inflammation. This study, therefore, aims to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of steeping date seeds in middle age women. This is a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 2.5 g of steeped of date palm seed, consumed by 30 healthy middle-aged women per day (in 250 mL water) for 14 days. The final numbers (22 subjects) of recruited women were included in the statistical analysis. Their level of IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, COX-1, COX-2, and PGE2 were determined using ELISA. The results showed that the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β, COX-1, and COX-2 in women significantly decreased after consuming date palm seed. Steeped of date seed acts as an anti-inflammatory by downregulating the expression of key proinflammatory mediators.

Many toxic compounds in foods cause liver damage and disturbance of bodily function. Inflamma tion will precede liver damage as an initial response to poisoning. The inflammatory response depends heavily on the strength of the body's immune system. Many foods, drugs, and other compounds can decrease the immune system, but few serve as immunostimulants. This study aims to prove the decreasing of carbon tetra chloride toxicity using dateseed (Phoenix dactylifera L.) steeping to improve rat immunity. Methods: This was an experiment with pre and post test with a control group design. Wistar white rats were grouped into 6 groups, healthy control (HC), negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment dose 1 g/ kg (T1), treatment dose 3 g/kg (T3), and treatment dose 5 g/kg (T5). All of the groups were induced by CCL 4 before treatment except the HC group. The observed data were interleukin6 (IL6), lymphocyte count, and Creactive protein (CRP). Data from the groups were compared with an ANOVA test and followed by a post hoc test if a significant result was found. Results: The results showed that there were signifi cant differences between IL6, lymphocyte count, and CRP between HC and other groups that CCL 4 in duced. After the delivery of dateseed steeping, levels of IL6 and CRP decreased, and the lymphocyte count increased significantly. The group with the 5 g/ kg treatment dose was the most effective group for inhibiting the increase of IL6 and CRP, but a dose of 3 g/kg was the most effective to increase lymphocyte count. Conclusion: Dateseed steeping suppresses proin flammation mediators; it has a potency which improves cytokine proinflammation by inhibiting the inflamma tion process. Thus, date seed can be used as a cheap source of antiinflammation that can be considered as a health opportunity for developing countries.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun desain pendidikan kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dapat menciptakan dan mengembangkan technopreneur. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Riau. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi; kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kewirausahaan berbasis technopreneurship memerlukan integrasi dan sinergi antara kewirausahaan dan akademik prodi/jurusan kedalam isi (materi), kegiatan, dan metode untuk membangun kompetensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa. Isi pendidikan kewirausahaan berupa materi yang disajikan, dibahas, dan dikembangkan dalam kegiatan, sedangkan kegiatan dan metodenya meliputi perkuliahan, pelatihan, pembinaan, dan lomba kewirausahaan, serta inkubasi bisnis. Perkuliahan kewirausahaan untuk menciptakan kompetensi kewirausahaan dasar (memiliki pola pikir dan kemampuan menciptakan pekerjaan), pelatihan dilaksanakan untuk menumbuhkan kompetensi kewirausahaan menengah (menyusun proposal usaha yang layak), sedangkan pembinaan dan inkubasi bisnis untuk mengembangkan kompetensi kewirausahaan lanjut (menjalankan/mengembangkan usaha). Status mata kuliah kewirausahaan perlu ditingkatkan menjadi mata kuliah wajib. Pendidikan kewirausahaan diprogramkan dan dilaksanakan oleh unit kewirausahaan berdasar Keputusan Rektor.