A case of accessory scrotum in a 1-year-old boy is reported because of its rarity. A boy presented with a tumor mass attached with scrotum-like skin on its tip in the right side of perineum between the scrotum and anus. Both testes had descended into the scrotum. There was no other urological anomaly. Histological findings of the tumor indicated perineal lipoma, and the scrotum-like portion accessory scrotum. An overview of sequences during the normal development of male external genitalia has been provided and the deranged mechanism resulting in this anomaly has been reviewed with hypothesis regarding etiology of accessory scrotum.

Achalasia cardia is a neuromuscular disorder of unknown etiology involving the body of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). It is characterized by aperistalsis of the body of the esophagus and failure of relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter. It usually affects patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years. It is unusual in childhood and extremely rare in infants. We report two cases of achalasia cardia in infants. Both cases were treated with open Heller’s esophagocardiomyotomy with anti-reflux procedure.

A case of complete bladder duplication with urethra duplication, diphallus, anorectal malformation and rightsided renal agensis with ipsilateral gonadal agenesisis was reported because of its rarity. Possible deranged embryology resulting in these anomalies has been reviewed with relevant hypothesis. The patient underwent several investigations and undergoing multistage surgical intervention.

Background: Soft tissue defect of dorsum of hand is a difficult problem to deal with in reconstructive surgery. Various factors have to be considered for planning of the reconstruction. Aims and Objectives: To assess the overall incidence of soft tissue defect on dorsum of hand, evaluation of different options for coverage of soft tissue defect on dorsum of hand, assessment of outcome and complications (both primary and donor sites) of reconstructive procedures and coverage of defect with like for like tissue. Materials and Methods: We present our experience of resurfacing soft-tissue defects of dorsum of hand in 27 patients by split thickness skin grafting, local flaps, distant pedicled flaps, and free flaps. Results: Among total 27 patients, in whom resurfacing was done, distant pedicled flaps such as groin/abdominal flap were performed in 13 patients, regional flaps like posterior interosseous artery flap were done in seven patients, free flap like anterolateral thigh flap was the method in three patients, and skin grafting was used in two patients. Complications such as partial or complete flap necrosis were noted in one patient each of free and regional flap and none in distant pedicled flap. The operating time was relatively less in distant pedicled flaps. Conclusion: Skin grafting had limited use when underlying vital structures were exposed. Distant pedicled flaps such groin and abdominal flaps were very useful for resurfacing the defect especially in emergency situations. Regional and free flaps had limited indications.

Introduction: A study has been conducted on the incidence rates of different benign breast tumors ,their presentationand outcome beneficience of surgical procedures have been compared. Material And Methods: A total of 100 cases with benign breast mass, attending surgical department of RGKMCH and meeting the inclusion criterias were studied in the given time period. Results: Fibroadenoma predominates (94%) followed by Phyllodes tumour (2%), Intraductal papilloma (2%) and Lipoma (2%).The age group of 20 to 24 years showed the maximum number of cases. The all-benign breast tumours in the present study were managed in accordance with the types of tumour. All the fibroadenomas were excised locally. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma is the commonest type of benign breast tumours than other types. . The treatment of benign breast tumours are simple excision and sometimes may require simple mastectomy.