No abstract

Studies to compare the proximate content of durian fruit flesh and seeds have not been widely employing. Hence, this study aimed to analyze and compare this content in fruit flesh and seeds of three durian varieties from adjacent growing areas. The following methods used for proximate analysis were carbohydrates (by difference), protein (micro Kjeldahl), lipid (soxhlet), crude fiber (washing), moisture content (oven), ash content (furnace). In evaluating the difference in proximate content in these parts of three durian varieties, the resulting data were tested statistically using ANOVA =5%, followed by the DMRT test. In determining the difference in the proximate content between the fruit flesh and durian seeds, the independent samples T-test was used with =5%. All data collected were then compared with the USDA National Nutrient and the Directorate of Nutrition at the Ministry of Health databases. The results showed that three durian varieties from adjacent growing areas had significantly different protein and carbohydrate content (in fruit flesh), ash content, protein, and carbohydrates (in seeds). The flesh part of the three varieties of durian contains water, protein, fat, crude fiber, which is significantly different from durian seeds. This study is higher than the comparison data

An epilithic benthic algae functions as a primary producer living on rock substrates. The Autotrofic Index (AI) was measured to understand the level of water pollutions by quantifying an autotrofy organism. This research determined water quality of Pitap river based on the autotrofic level of an epilithic benthic algae and to understand the correlation between the autotrofic level and physicochemical parameters. The measurement of water quality based on Ash-Free Dry Mass (AFDM), the amount of chlorophyll-a and physicochemical parameters were taken every month with two repetitions on September and October 2014. Five sampling sites were selected using a purposive sampling method based on the variety of environmental conditions around the Pitap river. The results showed that the water quality in the upstream (Ajung and Langkap villages) were classified non-pollution (dominated by autotrof compounds) until less pollution (dominated by autotrof-heterotof compounds). Other locations in downstream (Tebing Tinggi, Sungsum and Juuh villages) were determined pollution of water quality by dominance of autotrof-heterotrof components to dominance by heterotof components. Spearman correlation explained that autotrofic index on September 2014 was closely correlated with water temperature and water velocity with their value are 0,954 and -0,794 at significantly α=0,01. On October 2014 water temperature was closely correlated with its value 0,681 at significantly α=0,05.

Torrontés Riojano es una variedad de uva blanca autóctona de Argentina, con más de 9000 ha cultivadas. Los vinos de esta variedad poseen un gran consumo interno y representan productos diferenciales y competitivos en el mercado vitivinícola mundial. Sin embargo, existe muy poca información documentada sobre el comportamiento de este cepaje según la región de cultivo, y de su incidencia sobre la composición química y características organolépticas de sus vinos. Durante la temporada 2017, se seleccionaron 21 vinos monovarietales comerciales Torrontés Riojano provenientes de distintas zonas de Argentina: Cafayate (Salta), Colalao del Valle (Tucumán); Aminga y Chilecito (La Rioja); Pocito y Angaco (San Juan); Lavalle, Maipú y Luján de Cuyo (Mendoza). Se determinaron parámetros analíticos de rutina y compuestos odorantes volátiles (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Complementariamente, se realizó un análisis sensorial descriptivo (QDA) mediante un panel entrenado de jueces. En general, se observó una baja dispersión de los parámetros generales analizados; a excepción del alcohol, que mostró diferencias significativas entre las distintas zonas evaluadas. Se identificaron 54 compuestos odorantes volátiles, incluyendo terpenoides, ácidos grasos de cadena media y sus ésteres, y alcoholes superiores y acetatos, con niveles diferenciales entre las zonas estudiadas. Estos resultados se confirmaron a nivel sensorial. Los vinos de Cafayate, Luján de Cuyo y La Rioja se caracterizaron por un carácter floral y cítrico, y una marcada acidez. Por su parte, los vinos de San Juan y Colalao del Valle fueron descritos con mayor amargor, volumen en boca, y aromas a miel y fruta fresca. Por último, los vinos de Maipú y Lavalle mostraron notas abundantes a fruta cocida.

Ferns play an important role for the environment, ferns also have the potential as a source of food and medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the species of ferns found in the Tabuk River area, Ulu Benteng Village, Marabahan sub-district, Barito Kuala district. The method used in this research is porposive sampling. Sampling of ferns is done by making a plot of 10 x 10 meters on the right and left of the river bank at 12 different stations in the Tabuk River area. Based on research that has been carried out, 10 species have been found, namely, Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepis cordifolia (L), Davallia denticulate (Burm), Drynaria sparsisora Moore., Pyrrosia piloselloides, Pteridium esculentum, Blechnum orientale, Stenochlaena palustris, Asplenium pellucidum, and Yang belong to the same class, namely polypodiopsida. Stenochlaena palustris and Blechnum oriental are reophytic ferns, which are rheophytic ferns. Environmental factors in the Tabuk River area show a number that is quite optimal for the growth of ferns in the area. The diversity of ferns found is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.