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The GenBank number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the genome sequence of strain DFW100M-13 T are MK490985 and CP035494, respectively. Six supplementary figures are available with the online version of this article.

Two bacterial strains, FWR-8T and CFWR-9T, were isolated from the gut of larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis that were raised at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea. Both strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and non-motile. Strain FWR-8T possessed the highest sequence similarity (98.7 %) to that of Protaetiibacter intestinalis 2DFWR-13T and the phylogenetic tree revealed that strain FWR-8T formed a cluster with Ptb. intestinalis 2DFWR-13T. Pseudolysinimonas kribbensis MSL-13T and Lysinimonas yzui N7XX-4T shared a high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.8 %) and formed a cluster adjacent to the cluster that included Ptb. intestinalis 2DFWR-13T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CFWR-9T exhibited the highest similarity (97.7 %) to that of Agromyces binzhouensis OAct353T and the phylogenetic tree indicated that strain CFWR-9T formed one independent cluster with A. binzhouensis OAct353T that was within the radius of the genus Agromyces . The peptidoglycan type, major fatty acids, major menaquinones and total polar lipids of strain FWR-8T were characterized as type B1, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, MK-15, MK-16 and MK-14, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid, respectively. Those from strain CFWR-9T were type B1, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, MK-11, MK-12 and MK-10, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid, respectively. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, strains FWR-8T and CFWR-9T each represent a novel species within the genera Protaetiibacter and Agromyces , respectively. For these species, the names Protaetiibacter larvae sp. nov. and Agromyces intestinalis sp. nov. have been proposed, with the type strains FWR-8T (=KACC 19322T=NBRC 113051T) and CFWR-9T (=KACC 19306T=NBRC 113046T), respectively. Our results also justify a reclassification of Lysinimonas yzui as Pseudolysinimonas yzui comb. nov. and an emended description of the genus Pseudolysinimonas isprovided.

A novel actinobacterium, designated HIr16-25, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a mangrove growing on Iriomote Island in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HIr16-25 fell within the cluster of the members of the genus Agromyces and the highest sequence similarity value was observed with Agromyces rhizospherae IFO 16236 (98.6%). Strain HIr16-25 possessed L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid as a diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, and MK-12 and MK-11 as the predominant menaquinones. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C, anteiso-C and anteiso-C and the principal polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and one glycolipid. These chemotaxonomic features matched well those described for the members of the genus Agromyces. Meanwhile, the result of DNA-DNA hybridization and the presence of differential phenotypic characteristics between strain HIr16-25 and the type strain of A. rhizospherae indicated that strain HIr16-25 be classified as a novel species of the genus Agromyces. Therefore, we propose strain HIr16-25 to represent a novel species of the genus Agromyces, with the name Agromyces mangrovi sp. nov. The type strain is HIr16-25 (= NBRC 112812 = TBRC 7760).