This contribution is an attempt to provide a thorough review of past and current research work on fatigue and life prediction of fiber-reinforced composites. In order to summarize and present a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art published works, the reviews in this contribution are broadly summarized into four groups of review;(1) fatigue of fiber-reinforced composites, (2) composite damage mechanism, (3) composite failure criteria and, (4) composite fatigue modeling and life prediction. The review will begin with a discussion of inherent and environmental factors affecting the fatigue of composites. This is followed by a rather extensive description of the composite damage mechanism and a summary of commonly used failure criteria for life prediction. And towards the end, models and methods for fatigue and life prediction of composites are summarized and discussed.
Abstract. Bus transportation plays a significant role in short and long distance mass transportation in Indonesia. The number of buses in Indonesia shows significant growth every year. However, there is a lack of regulations regarding bus construction safety and the increasing number of bus accidents is also becoming a major concern. In this paper, a computer simulation of bus rollover is presented. The bus structure was modeled to represent the mass distribution in a real bus. Two conditions were tested: the bus when empty and when fully loaded. Both the empty bus and fully loaded bus simulation results show that the bus did not comply with the UN ECE R66 safety standard. The results were validated by making a comparison with other tests that have been conducted by other researchers.
Objective: To analyze factors associated with anxiety in postmenopausal women.
Methods: This study was descriptive analytic with cross-sectional approach conducted in 228 postmenopausal women that aged 50-64 years old in coastal areas of Kendari City. Samples were taken by simple random sampling. The technique of collecting data used questionnaires and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (T-MAS). Data were analyzed using Chi-square test with a significance value p 0.05.
Results: The results showed that 188 respondents (82.4%) had. anxiety. Its most experienced anxiety was aged 50-54 years old (37.7%), low education (96.0%), as housewife (62.7%), low income (91.2%) and lived with a partner (54.4%). There was correlation between anxiety with age (p=0.016), education level (p = 0.009), income (p = 0.011), and residence status (p = 0.029). There was no correlation between anxiety with occupation (p = 0.351).
Conclusion: There was a correlation between anxiety in postmenopausal women in coastal areas with age, education level, income, and residence status.
Keywords: age, anxiety, education level, income, postmenopausal women, residence status
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