No abstract

No abstract

A Trombe wall is a passive solar technology attached to the building envelope to reduce energy demands. In warm climates, due to overheating problems in the cooling season, its efficiency is limited and proper operation is required. In this study the thermal behavior of a bedroom of a house equipped with a Trombe wall in Yazd with a hot and arid climate under different design configurations, and various masonry materials were investigated using the dynamic simulation software DesignBuilder. Monthly ventilation strategies and a schedule of blinds for external glass cover throughout the year were proposed to optimize its energy efficiency. The blinds are applied for shading solar irradiance during summer. They also increase the system's thermal resistance during winter nights. According to the results, a concrete Trombe wall with 2/3 of the façade area is capable of reducing the heating load by 86%. However, its function for summertime is negative, and even in insulation mode, it can increase of the cooling load by 5 %. Natural ventilation with Trombe wall is applicable during moderate seasons; however, its cooling efficiency is limited compared with cross ventilation. The results also highlight that retrofitting a room with a Trombe wall can reduce the annual energy demand by 63%, equal to a reduction of 124 kg CO2 emission.

Persian gardens are valuable historical and cultural human-built landscapes however, Persian gardens are deteriorating gradually. Thus, comprehensive studies would be helpful in obtaining deeper insights into different aspects and meaning of Persian gardens. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to review the EmaratBirooni garden of Urmia (Campus of Urmia University) as it is the only remnant of Qajar period demonstrating a clear image of the past of the Persian garden model in Urmia. Data were employed through literature review and on-site field study. It was found that the Campus of Urmia University had three historical eras- era 1: Before the garden was purchased by American missionaries, era 2: The settlement of American missionaries, era 3: After American missionaries left and delivered the garden to the government. By examining the periods, it was seen that the survival of the campus stemmed from proper uses in each era. This suggests that new uses suiting the contemporary conditions could be beneficial in protecting historical gardens. In this respect, it is essential to protect historical gardens since these gardens can become a cultural capital to the future generations.

No abstract