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The linear or branched allyl moieties on aromatic rings are well-known as ubiquitous structural motifs found in a range of natural products and medicinally relevant molecules. They also represent an important class of organic intermediates for the transformation of an olefin group into many useful functional groups. Established methods for the installation of allylic groups rely primarily on nucleophilic substitution or transmetalation of aryl metal complexes to allyl electrophiles, Lewis acid-mediated Friedel−Crafts allylation of electron-rich arenes, and Tsuji−Trost allylation reactions with π-allyl species. Complementing previous protocols, the transition metal-catalyzed allylation reactions via C−H activation strategy using various allylic surrogates like allylic acetates, allylic carbonates, allylic phosphonates, allylic halides, allylic alcohols, vinyl oxiranes, allenes, 1,3-dienes, and others have recently emerged as a powerful tool for creating the corresponding allyl, crotyl and prenyl moieties. This review, which includes all reported methods in the literature until the beginning of 2017, focuses on recent progress on direct allylation reactions of aromatic and vinylic C(sp 2 )−H bonds with allylic sources and various transition metal catalysts.

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Diaryl ketones are an important scaffold in drug discovery due to their prevalence in naturally occurring bioactive compounds. This review discusses molecules containing the benzophenone moiety that have potent biological activity.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of periotomes in single rooted nonsurgical tooth extractions. Materials and methods A double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial of 100 patients requiring nonsurgical single rooted tooth extractions was performed. The subjects were randomized into the experimental group (underwent extractions with periotome and conventional extraction forceps) or into the control group (subjects underwent extractions using periosteal elevator and conventional extraction forceps). Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale all throughout 7 days postoperatively. Gingival laceration, duration of surgery, number and frequency of analgesics consumed and complications (if present) were also noted. Results On inter-group comparison, all the parameters were statistically significant in control group (p \ 0.05).Also on pre and post-operative inter-group comparison, statistically significant pain reduction was noted in experimental group (52.8 %) whereas pain increased in control group (65 %). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that use of periotome may be helpful in reducing post extraction discomfort.